Justice
Just signed contract
Topics: 118
Posts: 2,368
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* The single most effective intervention to increase breast-feeding initiation is an educational program.
* 1 additional mother would initiate breast-feeding for every 3 to 5 women attending an educational program.
* In 1 study, partner education has also been shown to increase breast-feeding rates from 41% to 74%; another study without partner support showed breast-feeding rates at 6 months of 25% vs 15%.
* Clinicians who provide maternity care should refer all patients and their partners to attend a breast-feeding educational program.
* Immediate skin-to-skin contact should occur within the first hour of the infant's life.
* The BFHI of WHO and UNICEF should be adopted by all hospitals. It recommends feeding on demand, with no artificial pacifiers or supplemental formula unless ordered by a clinician.
* Formal evaluations by skilled health professionals improve breast-feeding success.
* Discontinuation of breast-feeding is more likely to be caused by lack of maternal confidence vs lack of knowledge or lactation problems.
* Early postpartum visits at 7 to 14 days allow intervention to encourage continued breast-feeding.
* Nurse visits including outpatient lactation consultant visits and telephone follow-ups are helpful adjuncts to face-to-face clinician contact to encourage continued breast-feeding.
* Clinicians should confirm that the infant is fed no less than every 3 hours and 10 to 12 times a day.
* Each feeding should allow 10 to 15 minutes on each breast.
* Mothers should be asked about breast engorgement, and milk should come in within 48 and 96 hours after delivery.
* A loss of more than 10% of birth weight warrants careful assessment and consideration of hospital admission.
* Nipple sensitivity for the first 1 minute of breast-feeding is normal during the first week.
* Causes of persistent breast pain include incorrect latch-on, cracked nipples, engorgement, and mastitis.
* Breast-feeding may continue even with mastitis and engorgement, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, moist heat, massage, and expression of milk will alleviate symptoms.
* Breast milk contains only small amounts of vitamin D, and clinicians should be aware of the risk for rickets in infants who are breast-fed.
* The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a daily dose of vitamin D drops (200 IU) beginning in the first 2 months of life and persisting until 500 mL of vitamin D–fortified formula or milk is consumed daily.
* 18% of women report that work schedule is a primary reason for discontinuation of breast-feeding.
* Employed women should start pumping and storing breast milk before they return to work.
* Breast milk can be stored at room temperature for approximately 8 hours, in the refrigerator for up to 7 days, in a refrigerator/freezer for 3 to 4 months, or in a separate freezer chest for up to 1 year.
* After being thawed and gradually warmed in a container of water, breast milk should be used within 24 hours and then discarded.
* Breast milk should not be microwaved because essential proteins may be denatured by uneven heating.
* Contraindications to breast-feeding include the following: transmittable infections in the mother such as HIV, active untreated tuberculosis and active herpes lesions on the breast; use of radioactive isotopes, antimetabolites, or chemotherapy; use of illicit street drugs; and infants with galactosemia.
* Women with breast implants or reduction mammoplasty, carriers of hepatitis B or C, and those with fever from endometritis or mastitis may breast-feed.
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| dr.wad
Forum Senior
Topics: 3
Posts: 350
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thanks justice ..
i wanna stress on : mastitis is not contraindication of brest feeding...
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