hottie99
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bioguy wrote:
In India when you order for a fried chicken leg dish at a restaurant, you are also given a slice of lime + cut onions. I don't know about the onions, but I think I know what good is a slice of lime.
Any guesses?
i thought it was lemon?? when i get tandoori chicken, they squeeze lemon over it to give some acid... there's vitamins in lemon im gonna guess vit c, but i dont know anything else on this one, hehehe..
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| bioguy
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What vitamin deficiencies are infants prone to?
(considering the infant is on breast milk only)
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| hottie99
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bioguy wrote:
A pt. with G6PD deficiency was having a converstion with a medical student over beer. The beer-loaded student explained to the pt. the mechanism of hemolysis in G6PD deficiency. The pt. realized that antioxidants will help him and started taking loads of Vit. E and C. What will he end up with?
(such a stupid question, i know. i made it up)
im gonna say he's OD'ing on vit e and c, vit c overdose can cause stones i thought.. as for vit e od, isn't it hemorrhage??
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| hottie99
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bioguy wrote:
What vitamin deficiencies are infants prone to?
(considering the infant is on breast milk only)
vitamin k, if they didn't get the injection at birth
since only breast fed, they are deficient in hmmmm.... good one? i think i forgot, blanking out again, damm stress again!!! 
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| bioguy
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hottie99 wrote:
i thought it was lemon?? when i get tandoori chicken, they squeeze lemon over it to give some acid... there's vitamins in lemon im gonna guess vit c, but i dont know anything else on this one, hehehe..
i know, this one is stupid too.
Vit C helps in absorption of iron (thats in meat)
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| bioguy
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hottie99 wrote: vitamin k, if they didn't get the injection at birth since only breast fed, they are deficient in hmmmm.... good one? i think i forgot, blanking out again, damm stress again!!!
i will make a list as i come across
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
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| bioguy
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hottie99 wrote:
im gonna say he's OD'ing on vit e and c, vit c overdose can cause stones i thought.. as for vit e od, isn't it hemorrhage??
I just read that excess vitamin C can cause hemolysis in G6PD def. so came up with this question.
vit C may be metabolized to Oxalate, predisposing to kidney stones (in prexisting renal disease) (studies have failed to show stone development in healthy people) (Ref: Harrisons)
vit E - may reduce platelet aggregation and interfere with vit K metabolism (can anyone throw more light on the mechanism)
so vit E is contraindicated if pt is on warfarin
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| bioguy
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hey hottie, if your exam is nearby don't get depressed with my questions. i am just whiling away my time with stupid questions, which i don't even know are important enough for the boards.
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| hottie99
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ooh no dear im not getting depressed for these, hahaa.. u actually wouldn't believe how important vitamins are on step 1 and step 2, they just luv this stuff!!! so it's good, dont worry about me sir, im good!! it's better than me watching tv, which i should just shut off, but i am human, hehee... 
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| Tiff
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bioguy wrote:
What vitamin deficiencies are infants prone to?
(considering the infant is on breast milk only)
Vitamin D
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| JavMD
Forum Junior
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Posts: 77
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Ok, what about minerals?
5 yr old fell down, 2 months later they find the scar to have only 30% of tensile strength.
We would most probably find deficient this patient on what micronutrient?
A. Selenium
B. Chromium
C. Zinc
D. Copper
After prolonged chest pain a patient dies. At autopsy they find an aortic dissection. His lab work 1 week before the death showed Hb 10, Hct 29, MCV 75.
What enzyme was affected in this patient?
A. G6PD
B. Ferroxidase
C. Transkelotase
D. SGOT
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| hottie99
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Posts: 608
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JavMD wrote:
Ok, what about minerals?
5 yr old fell down, 2 months later they find the scar to have only 30% of tensile strength.
We would most probably find deficient this patient on what micronutrient?
A. Selenium
B. Chromium
C. Zinc
D. Copper
I think it's copper, bc it's cofactor for lysl oxidase for building collagen
After prolonged chest pain a patient dies. At autopsy they find an aortic dissection. His lab work 1 week before the death showed Hb 10, Hct 29, MCV 75.
What enzyme was affected in this patient?
A. G6PD
B. Ferroxidase
C. Transkelotase
D. SGOT
this one is hard.. he has microcytic anemia, dissection due to weakness in vasular wall, im thinking fibrillin defect.. im going to take a guess at ferroxidase for some reason, i dont know how or why 
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| hottie99
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bioguy wrote:
vit E - may reduce platelet aggregation and interfere with vit K metabolism (can anyone throw more light on the mechanism)
so vit E is contraindicated if pt is on warfarin
ok so i looked it up, yes vit e overdose causes hemorrhage bc it decreases vit k dependent procoagulant factors; goljan says vit e excess is synergisitc effect with warfarin anticogulation... bc essentially it's doing the same thing rite, i mean warfarin also interferes with vit k-dependent factors.. so sorry bioguy i have to disagree with the last part of the statement about it being c/i in warfarin pts 
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| JavMD
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Wow hottie you are on fire!!
It is ferroxidase because Copper is a cofactor in:
a. Ferroxidase, which binds iron to transferrin therefore provokes microcytic anemia
b. Lysyl oxidase, whixh cross links collagen giving weak elastic tissue and an aortic dissection
c. Tyrosinase (melanin deposition)
as for the child, it was actually zinc because it is a cofactor in collagenase. necessary for the exchange of the two types of collagen.
But it was my bad, could be both.
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| hottie99
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oh thx, but not so much i guess, huh? hahaa.. since i got the first one wrong, but what i dont undertand is if he's zinc deficient and it's a cofactor for collagenase, then wouldn't he have less collagenase, so with less collagenase (which by name would mean it breaks down collagen?) wouldnt they have more collagen, therefore making it stronger???
that's why i chose deficient in copper since if they dont have it, they can't build the collagen due to the lack of cross linkage from lack of copper, no?? 
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| bioguy
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Topics: 48
Posts: 842
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The aortic dissection could be due to hyperdynamic state caused by the microcytic anemia (MCV 75). (i know its far-fetched)
- edited
i got confused between ferroxidase and ferrochelatase (last step in Hb synthesis)
Edited by bioguy on 04/09/08 - 10:16 PM
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| bioguy
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hottie99 wrote:oh thx, but not so much i guess, huh? hahaa.. since i got the first one wrong, but what i dont undertand is if he's zinc deficient and it's a cofactor for collagenase, then wouldn't he have less collagenase, so with less collagenase (which by name would mean it breaks down collagen?) wouldnt they have more collagen, therefore making it stronger??? that's why i chose deficient in copper since if they dont have it, they can't build the collagen due to the lack of cross linkage from lack of copper, no??
the zinc-collagenase breaks down type III collagen (thats initially in wound healing) making way for type I collagen which has greatest tensile strength.
thats what i remember, i will look up for the mechanism
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 48
Posts: 842
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 can't life be simpler !!!!!! stupid copper and zinc!
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| bioguy
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Role of Selected Nutrients in Synthesis, Accumulation, and Chemical Modification of Connective Tissue Proteins
found this 51-page 1985 article
if anyone is crazy enough to want this let me know. i will email it to you. its 8Mb in size.
Table of contents of this article
I. Introduction .......................................................... 607
II. Collagens, elastin, and proteoglycans .................................. 608
A. Collagen ........................................................... 608
B. Elastin ........................................................... 614
C. Collagen and elastin cross-linking .................................. 61’7
D. Proteoglycans ..................................................... 621
III. Nutrients Important in Maintaining Connective Tissue Integrity ........ 623
A. Copper ............................................................ 624
B. Manganese ........................................................ 630
C. Zinc .............................................................. 631
D. Other mineral elements ........................................... 632
E. Lathyrogens and inhibitors of collagen and elastin cross-linking ..... 633
F. Ascorbicacid ..................................................... 635
G. Pyridoxine ........................................................ 637
H. Other water-soluble vitamins and bioflavonoids ..................... 638
I. Fat-soluble vitamins .............................................. 639
J. Protein and calorie restriction ..................................... 644
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| hottie99
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Posts: 608
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oh thx, but no i dont want to get into that, but that's nice of u!! i highly, highly doubt this test will ever get this detailed (just so u dont overkill urself dear) but i guess it's always good to know.. i'll learn it later once im in residency 
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| bioguy
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whoa, lady!!! do you think i am going to read that article. i am crazy, but not that crazy!!!!!
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 608
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hahaa.. good, then dont bother with it, i mean they just want to know u know the basics, but it's always masked in these crazy questions, but the concepts are basic (once u've mastered them, i guess that's the hard part huh? :eyebrow .. wat more u got on the vitamins??? bring it on!! 
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 608
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hey where's the vitamin discussion?? where did it go?? no more vitamins?
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 48
Posts: 842
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since, i haven't read that article, i am still wondering whats are the roles of Zinc and Copper in Collagen synthesis/remodelling???
Zinc - metalloproteinase (collagenase) - remodelling of Type III to Type I collagen
Copper - Lysyl Oxidase - synthesis of collagen
Vitamin C - Prolyl and Lysyl Hydroxylases - synthesis of collagen
thats all I know.
Edited by bioguy on 04/12/08 - 09:46 AM
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