new_n_lost
Politically InCorrect
Topics: 652
Posts: 6,095
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Tiff wrote:
C. TNF-a
yup i thnk so too.
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FORUM RULES-- Those who believe in telekinesis, raise my hand. I get enough exercise just by pushing my luck --P4U World.." The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple."
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| JavMD
Forum Junior
Topics: 5
Posts: 77
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Any one else?
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| sigh
Forum Senior
Topics: 18
Posts: 203
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A
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| silver
Forum Guru
Topics: 21
Posts: 785
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C
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Every disaster hides an opportunity.
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 57
Posts: 900
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A
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 57
Posts: 900
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I take back A.
go with C
(after typing 'TNF and bleeding' in google  )
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| JavMD
Forum Junior
Topics: 5
Posts: 77
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Im sorry to disappoint you guys.
But it is D.
The case referred to normal menstruation, which is apoptosis caused by the withdrawal of hormones. Apoptosis is mediated by caspases, and these are analogues of Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (Ice). The distractor was a possible STD, but there was no abnormal findings in the PE (it was not tender, nor inflamed, etc).
Anyways the question may have been ambiguous but most of us had not even heard of this enzyme. But it is mentioned in chapter 1- Cell injury of BRS pathology. Therefore we would not even have guessed right.
I think these kind of questions made the difference between a good score and a great score.
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 57
Posts: 900
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amazing!!!!
did you just make up that question 
i'd have never even thought about menstruation. i am guessing the patient just attained menarche, if she regularly had menstruation, she wouldn't have noticed that her period is something strange this time. if in menarche, she is already worried about STDs... too bad.
good question, though!!!
Transglutaminases are absolutely wrong for this question.
Transglutaminases are enzymes that cross-link proteins.
Example: Factor 13 - crosslinks Fibrin and Fibrinogen. Deficiency of transglutaminases causes bleeding tendencies.
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 618
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ok, but wat std is bleeding like menarche?? maybe i missed something... and bioguy why is she worried about stds just bc menarche began, i dont think the 2 are correlated, no??? hmmm...
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 57
Posts: 900
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hottie99 wrote:
ok, but wat std is bleeding like menarche?? maybe i missed something... and bioguy why is she worried about stds just bc menarche began, i dont think the 2 are correlated, no??? hmmm...
hey hey hey, i was just joking. she hasn't attained menarche and already had sex and is worried about STD. no safe sex practices, eh?
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 618
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ok, yah i figured, hahhaa.. cuz i was like 'i swear i didnt think there's any correlation....' hahaa.. but thx, gotcha sense of humor!
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 57
Posts: 900
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hey nnl, whats with the signature, buddy!!!????
Believe this I do respond to RUDENESS with ABSOLUTE RUDENESS So dont complain 
man, you will have trouble in CS if the patient is rude - "hey doc, where have you been? i've been waiting in this room forever!!"
maybe you'll just break his neck and kick him out of your clinic
man, this CS is just an acting class. i am having trouble keeping that smile on my face, when i am practicing. either i forget smiling, or i end up laughing when my practicing partner makes a face at me
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| Tiff
Forum Guru
Topics: 54
Posts: 561
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If that's the case, what is TNF-a's role in apoptosis during menstruation.
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| taipei817
Forum Junior
Topics: 2
Posts: 78
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dont know about TNF-alpha sepcifically, but thought TNF is involved chachexic situation in cancer, which does have to do with cell death, right? (i cant spell at all, sorry)
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| JavMD
Forum Junior
Topics: 5
Posts: 77
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Tiff- TNF alpha was only a distractor, it has no role in apoptosis during menstruation.
Taipei- You are right, another name for TNF alpha is cachexin, or what I like to call it The No Food (TNF).
I did made up the question, sorry if it was weird or not as clear.
Hope you learned something from it.
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 57
Posts: 900
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JavMD wrote:Tiff- TNF alpha was only a distractor, it has no role in apoptosis during menstruation. Taipei- You are right, another name for TNF alpha is cachexin, or what I like to call it The No Food (TNF). I did made up the question, sorry if it was weird or not as clear. Hope you learned something from it.
I guessed it was made up. 
Its one of those goljan questions - about that mismatch blood transfusion and the choice he would put in would be "stupidity" and not "clerical error"
similarly i was wondering what girl wouldn't know about menses if she already had sex - thats the basic 101 of sex education, right? just kidding! now don't go banging bullets in my head for this insensitivity
Yeah, TNF may not be involved in apoptosis in menstruation, but it is one of the signaling factors for initiation of apoptosis in other situations
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| Tiff
Forum Guru
Topics: 54
Posts: 561
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JavMD wrote:Tiff- TNF alpha was only a distractor, it has no role in apoptosis during menstruation. Taipei- You are right, another name for TNF alpha is cachexin, or what I like to call it The No Food (TNF). I did made up the question, sorry if it was weird or not as clear. Hope you learned something from it.
Actually there is a relationship between TNF apha and menstruation. Here's an excerpt..."tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha secreted during the secretory/menstrual phases plays a role in induction of programmed cell death in these cells." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539446
This link shows a diagram... http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514266676/html/i2681...
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| JavMD
Forum Junior
Topics: 5
Posts: 77
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TNF alpha plays undoubtedly a role in apoptosis, but its main role is MOSTLY in viral infection and tumor cells.
The role in menstruation might be minimal at best, that is why amenorrhea is not reported as a secondary effect of etanercept.
http://www.enbrel.com/about-enbrel.jsp
And I guess, that is why it has an interrogation sign in the link of the diagram.
I would hypothesize the BCL/BAX relation would play a greater role than the TNF alpha in the article, because of the clinical results seen with etanercept.
Then again, that is just my humble opinion.
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 57
Posts: 900
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Where to draw the line?
The literature is filled with arguments and counter-arguments. 10 groups will show an effect and 10 other groups will show the opposite effect or contradicting effect. There are innumerable variables in the experimental setups and interpretations that dictate the conclusion of a study. So as soon as one sees an article, don't expect that to end up in textbooks. That won't happen until there is a consensus in the scientific community regarding that issue.
I also tend to search PubMed for articles when I am preparing for USMLE but realized thats not an efficient way. For PhD, its ok. Thats what one is supposed to do. But for boards, I'd just get a standard textbook and follow it.
My opinion, only.
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| ShweHope99.9998
Forum Fanatic
Topics: 12
Posts: 2,600
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Hi Jav , which yr, edition of BRS u r refering to ??
So 1st we taste kap LN , then we found RR , now we shell read BRS too , we already have too much by RR itself , not to mention papi's speech, HY 100 , etc HY pages & his live lectures of sooooooooo many version
Also now adays histo-path HY , patho-physio texts etc & all Q banks has good # of patho, pathophysio Qs close to 1000 in some one bank only , not yet count , Golj online RR book Qs , & RR Qs in books , Robbins Qs .
God pl have mercy
Thanx
GL
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| JavMD
Forum Junior
Topics: 5
Posts: 77
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Hi ShweHope99.9998, I use the "updated" 2nd edition. A friend bought the new edition, so I just added the new info into my old book.
Anyways, I understand you completely. One should select the resources intelligently, and the choice should depend entirely on you.
In my case, I find RR to be really good, even though it has lots of mistakes, but personally I don´t like the format/layout. I feel more comfortable with BRS (maybe because I read this book in my pathology course) and that is why Im using it.
And I have never opened the Kaplan pathology notes.
Like I said is a personal matter of selection of resources.
For instance, dr_ayyad used BRS and scored 99/267. While I believed p53 dislike this book.
Another girl preferred to use BRS over RR and scored 272.
Anyways, I believe RR has a lot more to offer than BRS (pathophysiology, images, integration with biochemistry and pharmacology, etc), but Im using BRS to organize the info in my head. And then test recall with robbins review.
Bioguy- Im with you bro. One should stick to the books. And dont believe eveything one reads. For instance, they are reevaluating the use of mannitol for brain edema because the "published articles" may be flawed and the principal investigator, brazilian doctor, committed suicide.
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| JavMD
Forum Junior
Topics: 5
Posts: 77
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http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/334/7590/392
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1527619
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