hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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old lady has alzhiemer's, what is likely at autopsy?
-degeneration of basal and cortical neurons
-increased concentration acetylcholinesterase in cerebral cortex
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which dis specific organ transplant is most likely to derive some benefit from Graft versus host response?
BM transplant in AML
heart transplant for viral cardiomyopathy
islet cell transplant for type 1DM
kedney transplant for membranous glomerulonephritis
lung transplant for prim pul htn
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several childrean who are members of hereditary def of C6 have neisseris induced sepsis. incubation of antibody-coated n. mengitidis with plasma from the affected children is most likely to produce which?
bacterial killing generation of anaphylatoxin
decreased decreased
decreased NL
NL decreased
NL NL
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homeless person pain in foot, has right groin swelling, ball of foot has swelling wound, purulent exudate has some blood expresed on palpation, which is the cause of groin swelling??
celluar proliferation in an inguinal lymph node
obstruction of lymphatic drainage in vessels near knee
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28 woman has sarcoidosis, cxr shows hilar lymphadenopathy, which findings on histo exam of skin lesion and hilar lymph node??
granulomas with foreign body giant cells
neutrophilic infiltrate and foamy histiocytes
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during bacteriophate t7 infection of single E.coli cell, 1000 bacterphage particiles released. one of theseparticiles contains a fragment of e.coli chromosome instad than the t7 chromosome, will this phage be able to inject it's dna into an e.coli cell and if so how many t7 particiles will be produced by cell??
able to inject dna?? #of t7 particles produced
Yes 1000
yes 100
yes 1
yes 0
no 0
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sequence specific cleavage of proteins plays a role in which of the following?
activation of g proteis by hormone receptors
assembly of microtubles
cellular uptake of iron
initiation of coagulation
transport of proteisn into the nucleus
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splicing of primary gene transcrips in euk cells is most liley to have which effect??
decreased stability of mRNAs
generation of hybrid mRNAs
increased repetoire of gene products
rearrangement of cellular genome
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girl has a 'boil' on arm, shows yellow-green liquid material is drained surgically. pain and erythema subside. which cells contribute most to tissue changes present after 5 days after drain?
eosinophils/lymphocytes/macrophages/neutrophils/plasma cells
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during dna replication in euk cells, which occurs when topo I cleaves a PDE bond in 1 dna strand?
free rotation of 2 sections of dna helix on either side of nick
recombo event btw adjacent double helices
removal and subsequent transfer of small piece of dna to another position
removal of mismatched nucleotides that could result in delterious mutations
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which cellular junction block backflow of glucose from basal side of intestinal epithelium into the lumen of gut??
desmosomes/gapjunctions/adhereing junctions/hemidesmesomes/tight junctions
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in population frequency of hla-a locus allele (a*01) is .2 and freq of hla-b locus allele (b*08) is .2. same population freq of haplotype a*01, b*08 is .16, which of the follwing terms best explains population characteristics of observed freqency of a*01, b*08 haplotype?
linkage disequilibrium/randm assortment/somatic mutation/variable expressivitty
thx so much, exam is monday, PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!
  
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| yarab99
Forum Elite
Topics: 15
Posts: 260
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any one plz?????????????????????
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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any guesses at least??? please help!! very appreciative!
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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which dis specific organ transplant is most likely to derive some benefit from Graft versus host response?
BM transplant in AML
heart transplant for viral cardiomyopathy
islet cell transplant for type 1DM
kedney transplant for membranous glomerulonephritis
lung transplant for prim pul htn
Ans - BM in AML
just a wild guess, the Graft versus host response will kill off the remaining neoplastic cells in the blood circulation.
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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homeless person pain in foot, has right groin swelling, ball of foot has swelling wound, purulent exudate has some blood expresed on palpation, which is the cause of groin swelling??
celluar proliferation in an inguinal lymph node
obstruction of lymphatic drainage in vessels near knee
Ans cellular proliferation
obstruction of lymphatics near knee will cause edema below knee, i dont' think ti will affect nodes above knee. again a wild guess
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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thx, bone marrow transplant as well.. as for cellular proliferation, i agree.. any other guesses or thoughts?? good luc to u 2! 
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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28 woman has sarcoidosis, cxr shows hilar lymphadenopathy, which findings on histo exam of skin lesion and hilar lymph node??
granulomas with foreign body giant cells
neutrophilic infiltrate and foamy histiocytes
why confusion in this - its unequivocally " granulomas with foreign body giant cells"
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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sequence specific cleavage of proteins plays a role in which of the following?
activation of g proteis by hormone receptors
assembly of microtubles
cellular uptake of iron
initiation of coagulation
transport of proteisn into the nucleus
Ans - Coagulation
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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splicing of primary gene transcrips in euk cells is most liley to have which effect??
decreased stability of mRNAs
generation of hybrid mRNAs
increased repetoire of gene products
rearrangement of cellular genome
Ans Increased gene products
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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girl has a 'boil' on arm, shows yellow-green liquid material is drained surgically. pain and erythema subside. which cells contribute most to tissue changes present after 5 days after drain?
eosinophils/lymphocytes/macrophages/neutrophils/plasma cells
Ans - Healing by Secondary Intention - 5 days - i am guessing Macrophages to clean the debris (not sure)
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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i agree on the granuloma, but my study partner found that histiocytes are found in sarcoidoisis, it is a must have!! but what is 'foreign body giant cell'??
could u pls explain sequence specific cleavage protiens? i had no idea what those were!!
as for the increased gene products, any thoughts as to why? and why not reassortment?? thx for u input buddy!
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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yes i chose macrophages, but my study buddy pointed out that perhaps plasma cells in order to get immunoglobulins there to heal?? maybe, maybe not?? we're not sure!! dont u find these hard?? 
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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old lady has alzhiemer's, what is likely at autopsy?
-degeneration of basal and cortical neurons
-increased concentration acetylcholinesterase in cerebral cortex
Ans - Degeneration.
You must be confused that the decreased acetylcholine in AD is due to increased AChE.
Excerpt from Harrison's
Biochemically, AD is associated with a decrease in the cerebral cortical levels of several proteins and neurotransmitters, especially acetylcholine, its synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase, and nicotinic cholinergic receptors.
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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yes i knew that it was decreased acetylcholine, but i figured if u had increased acetylcholinestease, u would have decreased acetylcholine, rite? but my study buddy pointed out that if that was the case, then giving donepazil should treat them rite, which they aren't, and i too noted that AD does have cerebral cortex atrophy, which can't 'grow' back persay from the medication, so i see ur point, thx!!
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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hottie99 wrote:yes i chose macrophages, but my study buddy pointed out that perhaps plasma cells in order to get immunoglobulins there to heal?? maybe, maybe not?? we're not sure!! dont u find these hard??
Yeah, they are hard.
If you consider boil as an acute inflammation, and draining is aseptic, then i think macrophage is the right answer.
plasma cells are found in chronic inflammation
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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hottie99 wrote:
yes i knew that it was decreased acetylcholine, but i figured if u had increased acetylcholinestease, u would have decreased acetylcholine, rite? but my study buddy pointed out that if that was the case, then giving donepazil should treat them rite, which they aren't, and i too noted that AD does have cerebral cortex atrophy, which can't 'grow' back persay from the medication, so i see ur point, thx!!
The outline is
Abnormal cellular proteins > Degeneration of Neurons > Decreased Neurotransmitters
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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the topoisomerase question, i selected first ans bc i think it is their fancy way of saying 'uncoiling' or something, no??
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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anyone got ANY thoughts on the bacteriophage question??? i have NO idea!!
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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hottie99 wrote:
i agree on the granuloma, but my study partner found that histiocytes are found in sarcoidoisis, it is a must have!! but what is 'foreign body giant cell'??
i haven't found that anywhere - that sarcoidosis has histiocytes - that too "foamy"
"foamy" - means lipid laden - sarcoidosis doesn't have any lipid problem
Foreign body giant cell is a multinucleated giant cell formed by fusion of epithelioid cells. Epithelioid cells are macrophages activated by gamma-IFN from CD4 T cells seen in chronic inflammation. The name foreign body is because such formations are seen in foriegn body in tissue - which cannot be removed, but can be warded off by granuloma formation.
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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hottie99 wrote: could u pls explain sequence specific cleavage protiens? i had no idea what those were!!
I think they want to distinguish between proteases (enzymes which degrade proteins irrespective of sequence) and these sequenc specific cleavage of coagulation proteins.
Even if you go by elimination, i dont' think other choices in this question involved any cleavage of proteins at all.
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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yes i agree, good point on the foamy = lipid laden i agree 
and good clarification on the foreign body, yu so smart!! awesome!! 
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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hottie99 wrote:
as for the increased gene products, any thoughts as to why? and why not reassortment?? thx for u input buddy!
splicing occurs in RNA (transcript) and not DNA - rearrangement of genome involves DNA. let me explain splicing -
you have - say 5 exons (parts of RNA that remain after processing - finally to be translated into protein)
1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5
splicing is joining different exons - here you can have different scenarios -
1-3-5
1-2-3-5
3-4-5
2-4-5
etc etc
all these are different splicing products
so if each splice product gets translated into protein you have different protein products - FROM THE SAME GENE
do you understand now?
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| new_n_lost
Politically InCorrect
Topics: 653
Posts: 6,086
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Sorry cant help you guys here cos as a rule i dont answer NBME questions which i havent done. I opened the thread thinking that it might be a single question but here was a list.
Sorry guys.
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FORUM RULES-- Those who believe in telekinesis, raise my hand. I get enough exercise just by pushing my luck --P4U World.." The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple."
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| bioguy
Forum Guru
Topics: 49
Posts: 847
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i just simplified RNA splicing for you. its a vast concept and it helps if you get familiar with it - read kaplan molbio/biochem
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| hottie99
Forum Guru
Topics: 32
Posts: 610
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sorry i fogot to type the 's' after question, i was typing fast, i only have few days, but i did specify nbme 5 so if u didn't do it, then yes it is best u dont read them, good luc!
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