motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1. MOA of Phase 0 in atrial and vent. myocyte =Na channel opening
2. calcium influx thru voltage gated ca2+ channel balances K+ channels, =phase II
3. Stroke vol = SV= CO/HR
4. What sound results when mitral and tricuspid v. closes=S1
5. Which has plateau phase due to ca2+ influx, cardiac myocyte
6. what does QRS complex in ECG represent?= ventricular depolarization
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
23rd oct
1) what happen after weight bearing joint use in arthritis?
2. what happens in rheumatoid arthritis with use of joint?
3.Rhomboid crystals are seen in joint space in which disease? needle shaped crystal in?
4. abnormal xylose test seen in which disease?
5. Onion skin appearance in bone seen in which bone cancer?
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1 pain increases
2 pain decreases
3psudo gout
4 vit b12 deff/lactose interolance
5 ewings sarcoma
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1. what happens to platelet count, bleeding time, PT and PTT in DIC?
2. what happend so PTT in von willebrand disease and hemofilia?
3. what is the defect in Bernard-soulier disease and glanzmann's thrombosthenia?
4. what happens to PT and aPTT in factor VII deficiency?
5. Increased f ibrin split product is seen in___?
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1. in DIC platelet count will decrease,but PT and PTT will increase so doesfibrin split product
2. in von willbrand disease and in hemophilllia PTT willl icrease
3.bernard-soulier ...........defect in platelet adhesion
GLanzmann's..........defect inplatelet aggresion
4. pt high aptt n?
5. in DIC.
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1.which drugs block peptidoglycan synthesis?
vancomycin
2.which drugs block nucleotide synthesis?
sulfonamide
3.which drug blocks DNA topoisomerase?
fluroquinolone
4.which drug blocks mRNA synthesis?
rifampin
5.which drugs are used for staph aureus infections?
methicilin
6.what is the toxicity of methicilin?
interstitial nephritis
7.what is the use of imipenem and what are the toxicities?
DOC for enterobacter.,neurotoxic.
8.vancomycine and aminoglycoside have some common side effects, what are those?
NOT--nephro,oto,thrombophle
9.which antibiotic discolor teeth? And also causes photosensitivity?
tetracyclin
10.which antibiotic block dihydropteroate synthase? And which one block dihydrofolate reductase?
sulfanamide/trimethoprine and pyrimethamine
11.which antibiotic causes tendonitis?
fluroquinolone
12.what are the uses of fluoroquinolone?
G- infection like UTI
13.which antibiotic causes gray baby syndrome?
chloramphenical
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
FA 2007
1. what enzyme is deficient in Alkaptonuria?....102
2.what enzyme is deficient in Hurler and hunter syndrom? what is the major clinical difference in these two disease?...............107
3.what ios the cause of fabrys disease?...107
4.what is the cause of krabbe;s disease?...............107
5. what is deficient in pom pes disease?....................106
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1. Homogentisic acid oxidase
2. HURLER SYNDROME: alfa-L-iduronidase
HUNTER SYNDROME: iduronate sulfatase
difference: Aggressive behavior (hunter)
3. enzyme alfa-galactosidase A
4. enzyme B-Galactosidase
5. Lysosomal alfa-1,4-glucosidase (acid Maltase)
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1. alpha anti-trypsin 1 deficiency is seen in which type of emphysema?
2. what happens to TLC, FRC and RV in emphysema?
3. what happens to TLC, FRC, and RV in restrictive lung disease?
4. PTH related peptide is produced in which lung cancer?
5. which lung cancer may lead to lambert-eaton syndrome?
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1. panacinar emphysema caused by a-antitrypsin defi. (smoking causes centriacinar type)
2. all increase RV, TLC
3. all decrease RV,TLC
4. squamous cell carcinoma
5. small cell carcinoma
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
2.B-lymphocyte can function as antigen-presenting cell via? via MHCII
3. Macrophage is activated by what?,,,,gamma interferon
4. HIV infected microglia fuse to form what in the CNS? multinucleated giant cells
5.In multiple sclerosis, which cells are destroyed?,,,,,,oligodendroglia
1. what mechanism in RBC membrance allows the RBC to transport CO2 from the periphery to the lungs for elimination?,,,,,physiologic chloride shift
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1.Which one is not a neural crest origin?
a.melanocyte b. chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla, c. schwan cells d.oligodendrocyte e. parafollicular cells of thryroid
2.Median umbilical ligament is a derivative of?
3.all intrinsic muscles of larynx is derived from 6th branchial arch except for?
4.Recurrent laryngeal nerve is derived from which branchial arch?
5.Foramen cecum is remnant of ?
6.Pancreas is derived from?
7.Spleen arises from? And its blood supply from? Page 86
8.Exostrophy of the bladder is associated with? Page 87
9.Is potters syndrome associated with pulmonary hypoplasia? Page 89
10.Horse shoe kidney-get trapped under which artery? Page 89
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1. d oligodendrocyte originate from neuroectoderm
2. umbilical arteries
3. cricothyroid
4. 6th arch (CN X)
5. thyroglossal duct.
6. foregut
7. spleen arises from dorsal mesentary but is supplied by artery of foregut.
8. Epispadias
9. yes, potter synd is due to mslformation of uretic bud and is associated with limb deformity, pul. hypoplasia and facial deformity.
10. inferior mesenteric artery.
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1.MOA of Griseofalvin?.possible toxicities?....MOA: interfere with microtubule function, toxicities, teratogenic, carcinogenic, increase warfarin metabolism,
2. MOA of terbinafine?...inhibit squalene epoxidase, dec ergosterol synthesisedition,.
4. MOa of Interferon?..side effect?...inhibit RNA and DNA synthesis. S/E: neutropenia
5. MOA of Oseltamivir?uses?.....protease inhibitor, HIV.
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
capsofungin inhibit cell wall synthesis
1)-POLYENES: Binds to sterols in fungal cell membrane, changing the cell wall permeability allowing for leakage of cellular contents.
2)-TRIAZOLES: Interferes with cytochrome P450 activity, decreasing ergosterol synthesis (principal sterol in fungal cell membrane) and inhibiting cell membrane formation
3) ECHINOCANDINS: Inhibit glucan synthesis
4)-PYRIMIDINES: Flucytosine is the only agent in this class, Penetrates fungal cells and is converted to fluorouracil which competes with uracil interfering with fungal RNA and protein synthesis.
SUMMARY:
*DNA&RNA sythesis: Flucytosine
*Cell wall: Caspofungin
*Cell membrane: Amphotericin B and Nystatin bind ergosterol, Azoles inhibit synthesis of ergosterol.
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
24thOCT
1. what happen after weight bearing joint use in arthritis?
2. what happens in rheumatoid arthritis with use of joint?
3.Rhomboid crystals are seen in joint space in which disease? needle shaped crystal in?
4. abnormal xylose test seen in which disease?
5. Onion skin appearance in bone seen in which bone cancer?
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1 pain increases
2 pain decreases
3psudo gout
4 vit b12 deff/lactose interolance
5 ewings sarcoma
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
.FAP' syndrome with brain involvement??
2.most common site for carcinoid tumors
3.Diagnosis for the MC tumor of adrenal medulla in adults
4.30 yr old male after trauma diagnosed as having epidural hematome, cause ?? CT finding? p
5.post MI pt, getting pericardial pain , friction rub.. ECG changes??
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1.turcot's syndrome
2.appendix
3. pheochromocytoma
4.temporal bone fracture, lateral blow to skull, biconvex radio dense mass lens shaped crossing suture lines
5.dresslers syndrome, fibrinous pericarditis
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1-name the charcot,s triad of cholangitis?
2-what is the most common malignant tumor of the liver?
3-name diseases that budd chiari syndrome is associated with?
4-how can you differenciate intussusception and volvulus
5-what is the classic triad of hemochromatosis?
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1-name the charcot,s triad of cholangitis?
2-what is the most common malignant tumor of the liver?
3-name diseases that budd chiari syndrome is associated with?
4-how can you differenciate intussusception and volvulus
5-what is the classic triad of hemochromatosis?
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1. epigastric pain, fever, jaundice ( charcot's triad presents with gall stones)
2. hepatocellular carcinoma, mostly assoc. with hepatitic B,C and wilsons d/s and other factors like aflatoxin B1.
3. Budd chiari is associated with polycythemia vera, pregnancy, hepatocellular carcinoma
4. Intussusception is the infolding, like the closing of a telescope, of a segment of the small intestine whereas volvulus is twisting of bowel around its mesentary. ???
5. micronodular cirrhosis, pancreatic fibrosis, skin pigmentation (bronze)
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1. What are the side effects of thioridazine, and its use.
2. what are the uses of Olanzipine?
3. what are the side effects of lithium?
4.what is benztropine, what is its use?
5.which group causes interaction with tyramine, MAO-A or MAO-B?
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1)retrograde ejaculation, pigmentosa retinitis and torsades, used as low potency antipsychotics in schizophrenia, maniac episode.
2. olanzapine is atypical antipsychotics. used in schizophrenia, particularly with negative symptoms, also for OCD.
3. Lithium is for bipolar. A lot of SEs: hypothyroidism, acne, tremor, NDI, ebstein abomaly, visual dysfunction,abs. neutrophilic leukocytosis .
4. Benztropine is for drug induced PD. it is antimuscrinic drug
5. MAO A interacts with wine and cheese , not mao B. selegiline is mao B, used in PD.
|
| motivation
Forum Newbie
Topics: 7
Posts: 167
|
1.what are the side effects of methyldopa?
2.what are the side effects of hydralazine?
3.what is mechanism of action of Digoxin?
4.what is antidote of digitalis toxicity?
5.Name one important side effect of minoxidil? What does minoxidil do?
6.what is losartan, its use and side effects?
|
|
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
