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Hi this is FA question n ans ' session ,practice seesion
1)Biotin function??
2)Niacin Function?
3)VIT B5 function?
4)Vit b6 function?
Ans' FA page 80, 2007 edition
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Biotin --- cofactor for carboxylation
1) pyruvate to oxaloacetate
2)Acetylco To malonyl coA
3)propionyl coA to methylmalonyl coA
(PAP)
NIACIN--deficiency-- hatrnup dis,(low tryptophan absorption) malignant carcinoid synd(high tryptophan met
functn- Used in redox reaction.
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1)In which hypothalamic nucleus is the thirst & water balance maintained? Neurology pg 344
2) Destruction of which nucleus in the hypothalamus causes hyperphagia & obesity? Neuro pg 344
3) Which nucleus in the hypothalamus regulates heat conservation & production when cold?
Neuro pg 344
4) Which nucleus is for auditory & which is for visual? Neuro pg 344
5)area # 44, 45 is for what in the brain? neuro pg 345
6) area # 22 is for what in the brain? neuro pg 345
7) Lack of social judgement is due to a lession in which part of the lobe? Neuro pg 345
8) Which artery in the circle of willis is known as the "arteries of stroke"? neuro pg 347
9) Which artery in the circle of willis is the MC site for Berry aneurysm? neuro pg 347
10) Damage to which artery causes CN 3 palsy? Neuro pg 347
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1. supraoptic
2. ventro medial
3. posterior
4.
5. motor speech area of broca
7.frontal
9. post communicating arteris
10.post comm art aneurysm
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NERVE INJURIES;1)Damage to the upper trunk leads to what palsy (C5,6)
2) Damage to the lower trunk leads to what palsy (C8,T1)
3) Damage to the posterior division of the brachial plexus leads to what deformity ?
4) Damage to the axillary nerve of the post. division leads to which muscle paralysis?
5) Damage to the radial nerve of the post. division leads to what palsy?
6) Damage to the Long thoracic nerve leads to which deformity?
7) Damage to the Musculocutaneous nerve causes loss of function of which muscles?
8) Damage to the ulnar nerve affects which muscles of the hand? & what is the deformity called?
9) Damage to the median nerve causes loss of sensation in which muscles?
10) In clavicle fracture the brachial plexus is protected from injury due to which muscle?
page350
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OCT 20TH Classic triad of scanning speech, intention tremors & nystagmus i seen in what?
2) What is periventricular plaques? & where is it seen in?
3) Where is elevated CSF protein with albuminocytologic dissociation seen in?
Q 4-7 from pg 362
4) Rupture of middle meningeal artery leads to which intracranial hemorrhage?
5) Rupture of bridging veins leads to which intracranial hemorrhage?
6) patient complains of "worst headache of my life" due to which intercranial hemorrhage?
7) Adult polycystic kidney disease is associated with which aneurysm? & where is it located?
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20TH OCT
Injury to which nerve causes foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion) ?deep peroneal nerve
2) Injury to which nerve causes loss of plantar flexion?
3) The anterior compartment of the leg is supplied by which nerve?-deep peroneal
4) The lateral compartment of the leg is supplied by which nerve?-common peroneal
5) the posterior compartment of the leg is supplied by which nerve?-tibial n
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) Damage to the upper trunk leads to what palsy (C5,6)
shoulder muscle lesion>Erb's paralysis>waiter's tip
2) Damage to the lower trunk leads to what palsy (C8,T1)
forearm and hand muscle palsy>thoracic outlet syn?claw hand and ape hand, horner syn.
3) Damage to the posterior division of the brachial plexus leads to what deformity ?
radical N. lesion>wrist drop
4) Damage to the axillary nerve of the post. division leads to which muscle paralysis?
deltoid muscle?abduct shoulder
5) Damage to the radial nerve of the post. division leads to what palsy?
6) Damage to the Long thoracic nerve leads to which deformity?
serratus anterior muscle palsy>weak in abduct arm and angel wing
7) Damage to the Musculocutaneous nerve causes loss of function of which muscles?
anterior arm mus>weak in flex elbow
8) Damage to the ulnar nerve affects which muscles of the hand? & what is the deformity called?
adductor/ flexor brevis/opponens digiti minimi>2-5digits abduct and adduct, claw hand
9) Damage to the median nerve causes loss of sensation in which muscles?
latern palm 1-3, half4 skin sense loss
abductor/opponens/flexor pollicis brevis muscle?flatten/ape hand
10) In clavicle fracture the brachial plexus is protected from injury due to which muscle?
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Classic triad of scanning speech, intention tremors & nystagmus i seen in what?
2) What is periventricular plaques? & where is it seen in?
3) Where is elevated CSF protein with albuminocytologic dissociation seen in?
Q 4-7 from pg 362
4) Rupture of middle meningeal artery leads to which intracranial hemorrhage?
5) Rupture of bridging veins leads to which intracranial hemorrhage?
6) patient complains of "worst headache of my life" due to which intercranial hemorrhage?
7) Adult polycystic kidney disease is associated with which aneurysm? & where is it located?
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Q 4-7 from pg 362
4) Rupture of middle meningeal artery leads to which intracranial hemorrhage?
EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
5) Rupture of bridging veins leads to which intracranial hemorrhage?
SUBDURAL HEMATOME
6) patient complains of "worst headache of my life" due to which intercranial hemorrhage?
SUBARACHNOID HEMATOMA
7) Adult polycystic kidney disease is associated with which aneurysm? & where is it located
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRAGE Near circle of willis ( Esp. at bifurcation of ant. communicating artery)
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1)Classic triad of scanning speech, intention tremors & nystagmus i seen in what?
Multiple Sclerosis
2) What is periventricular plaques? & where is it seen in?
(had hard time with first part of it?)
MS plaques show partial or complete destruction and loss of myelin with sparing of axon cylinders. They occur in a perivenular distribution and are associated with a neuroglial reaction and infiltration of mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. Seen in MS.
3) Where is elevated CSF protein with albuminocytologic dissociation seen in?
Guillain Barre syndrome
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A) SuBDural Hematoma
-1) Rupture of BriDging viens (the letters BD give the clue)
or another one is (i know its retarded but sometimes you remember the most retarded things on the exam)
2) "go under the CAVE & over the DURable BRIDGE to get to the SUBmarine" = SUBDURAL = BRIDGing viens = ConCAVE on CT
also to remmember that subdural hematoma occurs in elderly, alcoholics & shaken baby syndrome , remmeber "old ppl, alcoholics & babies can't cross Bridge's without help)
B) SuBArachnoid hemorrhage= Rupture of Berry Aneurysm (letters BA are clues)
C) the only one left is Epidural hematoma so it will only be middle meningeal artery, lucid interval seen (remember EPIsodes of Lucid interval= EPIdural), & is convex on CT
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What is butterfly glioma?
In which brain tumor is pseudopalisading tumor cells seen?
In which brain tumor is psammoma bodies seen in?
Meningioma's arise from which cells?
acoustic schwannoma is associated with which nerve?
Bilateral schwannoma is found in what disease?
"Friend egg" cells are seen in which brain tumor?
Bitemporal hemianopsia is associated with which brain tumor? & why does it occur?
Which brain tumor derives from Rathke's pouch?
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21st OCT
butterfly glioma extending across corupus callosum
psammoma -- meningioma
meningioma - arachnoid
acoustic schwanoma vestibular VIII nerve
bilateral - NF II
Fried egg cells (round nuclei with clear cytoplasm )are seen in oligodendroglioma FA Pg 363
bitemp hemianopsia - pitutaray adenoam coz of compression of optic nerve
rathke's -- craniopharyngioma
pseudopalisading cells in glioblastoma mutiforme (grade 4 astrocytoma) the most common primary brain tumor in adults
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1)hormonal panel/profile in menopause?
2. what happens in 5 alpha reductase deficiency?.........415
3. what is the developmental defect in bicornuate uterus? and outcome?..414
4. what is the hormonal profile in plycystic ovarian syndrom?...........417
5. mechanism of action of finasteride?
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1)decreased estrogen, increased FSH and LH
2.testosterone will not be converted to DHT.
3.incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts. associated with urinary tract
abnormalities and infertility( from book, good question)
4.Increased LH production leads to anovulation(from fa)
5. 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
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QUESTIONS
1. inhibit DNA dependent RNA polymerase, when used for leprosy, I delay resistance to dapsone. I produce rad/orange body fluid and inc. p 450 sometimes causing hepatotoxicity?
2. dec. synthesis of mycolic acid, solo prophylaxis against T.B and most importantly I cause hemolysis in G6PD pts, SLE like syndrome and neurotoxicity...????
3. Neurotoxicity caused by above drug can be prevent with what?
4. interfere with microtubule function, disrupt mitosis. If given to pregnant pt. give teratogenic effect and cause warfarin to inc. its metabolism?????
5. prevent the release of calcium from SR of skeletal muscle. who am I? and Which medical condition would you use me for?
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ANSWERS'
1 rifampicin
2 isoniazide
3 vit b6
4 Griseofulvin.
5 dantrolene ?
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Hydralazine INCREASE
cGMP causing smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilate arterioles and reduce afterload, therefore used in CHF...but can cause SLE like symptoms or fluid retention...
2. - furosemide block Na+ K+ 2 Cl- cotransport. inc. calcium secretion - who am i? and what toxicity hypocalcemia magnesemia ototoxicity
3. carbonic anhydrase inhibitor... bursh border pct
toxicities
4.- mannitol inc. tubular fluid osmolarity, producing inc. urine flow. contraindicated in CHF patients. location of action?
5.thiazide type diuretic, na cl symporter
at early distal tubule, dec. calcium excretion and can cause Hyper (glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, and calcemia)....
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mol bio
http://www.maxanim.com/genetics/index.htm
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D/D betwn Pericardial diseases or diseases of the heart pericardium is divided into: Perdicarditis and Perdicardial effusions.
Pericarditis is divided into primary and secondary:
1. primary is mainly caused by virus although other organisms can cause (Primary rare)
2. secondary is more often caused by Acute MI, cardiac surgery, radiation to the mediastinum and Uremia which is the most common systemic disorder associated. Less common cause include: SLE, rheumatic fever, and metastic malignancies
Note: all these are inflammatory causes that can result fluid to accumulate in the pericardium.
Pericardial Effusions which are not inflamatory in origin are divided into:
1. Serous: caused by CHF, hypoalbuminemia of any type
2. Serosanguineous: caused by blunt chest trauma such as stab wound and malignancy
3. Chylous: caused by mediastinal lymphatic obstruction
These effusions can also result fluid accumulation in the pericardium.
so what is Cardiac tampobade then? well this is a term used to describe when the heart can't expand anymore due to fluid accumulation in its pericardium, the fluid accumulating around the heart that's in the pericarium will restrict the heart from expanding and functioning correctly. It's like placing the heart in a small jar, smaller than its size then expect to beat, would that we possible, the answer is no? then you can say the heart has experienced "Cardiac tamponade"
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http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/nanatomy...
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1. what are the physical finding in bulemia nervosa?..............
2. what is the treatment of tourett syndrom?....
3. what is the MOA of Clozapine and most common side effect?.......
4.side effect of lamotrigine?.........
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1. normal body weight but can see parotitis, enamal erosion, inc. amylase and esophageal varices from vomiting.
2. Haloperidol
3. Block 5-HT2 and dopamine receptors. causes agranulocytosis (requires weekly WBC monitoring).
4. blocks voltage gated Na channel
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220CT
1. Myasthenia gravis by inc. endogenous Ach.
2. Atropine - Antimuscarinic. So used to dilate pupil, dec. aid secretion, dec. urgency, dec. GI motility, dec. airway secretions and treats organophosphate poisoning.
3. Scopalamine - Antimuscarinic, used for Motion Sickness.
4. Dantrolene treats Malignant Hyperthermia caused by concomitant use of inhalation anesthtics and succiylcholine.
5. Once again Dantrolene treats Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome.
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