"losergirl" wrote:Some pointers:
-Basophilic stippling diff dx: severe sepsis, lead poisoning, thalasemia, acute fatty liver or pregnancy
-Pt w/ no spleen, reason? (a) kid w/trauma> removed surgically (b) EBV> hypersplenism> rupture> surgery (c) sickle cell dis > autoinfarct (d) TTP, ITP > prophylactically splenectomy. Vaccine required for these pts: Pneumovax and influenza
-Pt w/ TB on isoniazide but no B6 is at increase risk for: ringed sideroblasts
-Most common cause of palpable breast mass age <35: fibroadenoma
-Most common cause of palpable breast mass 35-50: fibrocystic change
-Most common cause of palpable breast mass >50: breast CA
-Palpable breast mass on physical exam, next step: FNA (excisonal biopsy is same procedure as FNA with bigger needle)
-Mesothelioma: 95% have been exposed to asbestos. Only 40% have clinical asbestosis. Most common pleural tumor.
-If smoker have been exposed to asbestos, most chance of having which tumor : bronchiogenic lung CA
-Hep A vaccine recommendations: (1) travelers to endemic areas (2) special populations e.g., Indian Americans, Eskimos (3) military personal (4) food handler (5) sewage workers (6) health care workers (7) people handling physically disabled (8) IVDA (9) homosexual
-Most commonly abused substance : caffeine
-Most commonly abused drug: alcohol
-Most commonly abused illegal substance: marijuana
-Most commonly abused prescription drug: barbiturates, benzodiazepines
-Osteoprosis prophylaxis : Estrogen replacement, Calcium (1000-1500 mg), Vit D, weight bearing exercise (walking, running, swimming), avoidance of tobacco and alcohol
-If semen analysis is abnormal, next step? Repeat it
-Infertile female w/ documented inovulation, next step? Clomiphene
-Felon: infection of pulp space of finger
-Herpetic whitlow: viral infection of distal finger
-A diabetic w/ deformed feet, loss of normal arches, abnormal orientation of toes, and no inflammation. X-ray> deformed bone w/new bone formation adjacent to bone cotex. Several large, bizarrely shaped osteophytes seen at joint margins. Dx: neurogenic arthropathy
-1 nominal variable & 1 interval variable : T-test e.g., heights (interval) of men and women (nominal)
-If 2 intervals & no nominals : Pierson co-relation co-efficent e.g., relationship between temperature and average rainfall
-If 2 nominals & no intervals : Chi square test e.g, if a new drug will make more likely or less likely to have Alzheimer’s disease
-Elder abuse : Its mandatory to report suspected abuse of elderly
-Spousal abuse(age 18-65) If pt asks you not to report it, you don’t report it
-Most common retinitis in HIV+ pt : CMV retinits (salt n pepper retinitis)
-Most common esophagitis in HIV+pt: candidal esophagitis; Tx: IV proconazol 100 mg bid
-Most common cause of ulceration espphagitis in HIV+
1)herpes (2) CMV
-Most common pneumonia in HIV+ : Strep pneumonia
-Most common cause of pancreatitis in HIV+ : DDI
-Most common cause of diarrhea in HIV+ : cryptosporidium
-Most common cause of bacterial systemic infection in HIV+ : MAI
-Most common malignancy in HIV+ : Kaposi sarcoma
-Most common cause of death in HIV+ : wasting
-Most commonly used confirmatory test for suspicious HIV pt : Western blot
-Most specific test for HIV : viral culture (expensive & time consuming)
-SE of AZT: bone marrow suppression & myopathy
-SE of DDC: peripheral neuropathy & esophageal ulcers
-SE of DDI: peripheral neuropathy & pancreatitis
-Risk of getting HIV from infected needle stick : 0.3%
-Risk of getting HIV from infected mucous membrane : 0.1%
