new_n_lost
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A thyroid mass usually moves with swallowing because the thyroid gland is enclosed by which of the following fascia?
A. Carotid sheath
B. Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
C. Pretracheal fascia
D. Prevertebral fascia
E. Superficial fascia
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| po
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C
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| SILVER
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B. Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
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| mytime
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c
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| Jackofknives
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silver wrote:
B. Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
Aka fascia cervicalis profundus, it s fascia invaginating the deep neck muscles, sternohyroids, sternothyroids, omohyroids but not the gland. The fascia is fastened to carotid sheeth, so everytime you contract your deep neck muscles, the fascia will pull the sheeth and deep jugular vein will be compressed and shunting the blood within.
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| SILVER
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 got it!
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| new_n_lost
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The correct answer is C.
The pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia runs from the investing layers in both sides of the lateral neck and splits to enclose the thyroid gland. Superiorly, it attaches to the laryngeal cartilages; inferiorly, it fuses with the pericardium. As a result of these connections, the thyroid gland moves with laryngeal movements.
The carotid sheath (choice A) contains the vagus nerve, internal jugular vein, carotid artery, and lymph nodes.
The investing layer of the deep cervical fascia (choice B) splits to enclose the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
The prevertebral fascia (choice D) covers muscles arising from the vertebrae.
The superficial fascia (choice E) is immediately deep to the platysma muscle.
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| Jackofknives
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No offense, but that explanation is wrong. You can look it up in Netter.
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| new_n_lost
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No offense Taken Jack But the I have checked the Keith L Moore Clinical Anatomy book and the boundaries r the Same for each of them. I dont have Netter's Atlas otherwise i wud have surely looked it up.
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| clavicle
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Answer is C - Pretracheal fascia
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| Jackofknives
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My Netter is in Latin, maybe there are some differences to English nomenclature.
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| new_n_lost
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Superficial Cervical Fascia
The superficial cervical fascia is usually a thin layer of subcutaneous connective tissue that lies between the dermis of the skin and the investing layer of deep cervical fascia. It contains cutaneous nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, superficial lymph nodes, and variable amounts of fat; anterolaterally it contains theplatysma muscle.
Deep Cervical Fascia
The deep cervical fascia consists of three fascial layers: investing, pretracheal, and prevertebral. These layers support the viscera (e.g., the thyroid gland), muscles, vessels, and deep lymph nodes. The deep cervical fascia also condenses around the common carotid arteries, internal jugular veins (IJVs), and vagus nerves to form the carotid sheath.
1. Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
The investing (superficial) layer of deep cervical fascia, the most superficial deep fascial layer, surrounds the entire neck deep to the skin and superficial cervical fascia. At the "four corners" of the neck, it splits into superficial and deep layers to enclose (invest) the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles. These muscles ar.e derived from the same embryonic sheet of muscle, are innervated by the same nerve (cranial nerve XI), and have essentially continuous attachments to the skull superiorly and to the scapular spine and acromion and clavicle inferiorly. Superiorly, the investing layer of deep cervical fascia attaches to the:
• Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
• Mastoid processes of the temporal bones
• Zygomatic arches
• Inferior border of the mandible
• Hyoid bone
• Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae.
Just inferior to its attachment to the mandible, the investing layer also splits to enclose the submandibular gland; posterior to the mandible, it splits to form the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland. The stylomandibular ligament is a thickened modification of this layer, lnferiorly, the investing layer of deep cervical fascia attaches to the:
• Manubrium of the sternum
• Clavicles
• Acromions and spines of the scapulae.
The investing layer of deep cervical fascia is continuous posteriorly with the periosteum covering the C7 spinous process and with the nuchal ligament (L. ligamentum nuchae), a triangular membrane that forms a median fibrous septum between the musdes of the two sides of the neck.
lnferiorly between the sternal heads of the SCM muscles and just superior to the manubrium, the investing layer of deep cervical fascia remains divided into the two layers that enclosed the muscle, with one layer attaching to the anterior and the other to the posterior surface of the manubrium. A suprasternal space lies between these layers and endoses the inferior ends of the anterior jugular veins, the jugular venous arch, fat, and a few deep lymph nodes.
Pretracheal Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
The thin pretracheal (visceral) layer of deep cervical fascia is limited to the anterior part of the neck (Fig. 8.4, A-C). It extends inferiorly from the hyoid bone into the thorax, where it blends with the fibrous pericardium covering the heart. The pretracheal layer of fascia includes a thin muscular layer, which encloses the inffahyoid muscles, and a visceral layer, which encloses the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus and is continuous posteriorly and superiorly with the buccopharyngeal fascia of the pharymx. The pretracheal fascia blends laterally with the carotid sheaths. In the region of the hyoid bone, a thickening of the pretracheal fascia forms a pulley or trochlea through which the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle passes, suspending the hyoid bone. By wrapping round its lateral border, the pretracheal layer also tethers the two-bellied omohyoid muscle, redirecting the course of the muscle between the bellies.
Prevertebral Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and the muscles associated with it, such as the longus colli and capitis anteriorly, the scalenes laterally, and the deep cervical muscles posteriorly. The prevertebral layer of fascia extends from the base of the skull to T3 vertebra, where it fuses with the anterior longitudinal ligament. The prevertebral fascia extends laterally as the axillary sheath, which surrounds the axillary vessels and brachial plexus. The sympathetic trunks are embedded in this fascia layer.
The carotid sheath is a tubular, fascial investment that extends from the base of the skull to the root of the neck. This fascial sheath blends anteriorly with the investing and pretracheal layers of fascia and posteriorly with the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia. The carotid sheath contains:
• The common and internal carotid arteries
• The IJV
• The vagus nerve (CN X)
• Some deep cervical lymph nodes
• The carotid sinus nerve
• Sympathetic nerve fibers (carotid periarterial plexuses).
The carotid sheath and pretracheal fascia communicate freely with the mediastinum of the thorax inferiorly and the cranial cavity superiorly. These communications represent potential pathways for the spread of infection and extravasated blood.
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| ieltsforall
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C ,GREAT EXPLANATION NEW AND LOST GOOD AND KEEP IT UP
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