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Kaplan Qbank USMLE



Author14 Posts
  #1

A 69-year-old woman has noted swelling of legs for the past 3 months. On physical examination she has 4+ pitting edema involving her lower extremities to a level just above the knees. Her jugular venous pulse is visible to the angle of the jaw. A chest radiograph reveals bilateral pleural effusions along with a prominent right heart border. Which of the following cardiac valvular abnormalities is the most likely cause her findings?

A Mitral stenosis

B Tricuspid insufficiency

C Pulmonic atresia

D Aortic regurgitation

E Common atrioventricular valve

Can someone distinguish the signs given w/ Choices A and B?

  #2

B

  #3

Does anyone want to explain their answer before I post the answer? I have the solution..but not much/any reasoning. So I'll appreciate it if you all (Doc179) can post your reasoning behind it.

  #4

it can not be A, cos the pt will have pul.edema as well in that.
C, is found is infancy. D same as A.
Dont think its E.
The pt has b/l plueral effusions, which can be cos of the increased hydrostatic pressure in the veins. prominent rt heart border cos of rt ventricular hypertrophy. and hence the CVP raised.


  #5

B Tricuspid insufficiency

I think it's tricuspid regurge because of the signs mentioned in the stem: pitting edema and raised JVP.

The other choices don't explain the clinical picture. A & D are about left sided heart failure and don't explain the clinical findings of prominent right heart border and raised JVP. C would be found in infancy. E is a distractor.

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  #6

B Tricuspid insufficiency ...


Pitting edema and swelling of lower extremeties .. (Hintin right sided failure)
Prominent right heart border (Rt sided failure .. may be due to some valve stenosis or regurg)
Bilateral pulmonary effusions.. (prob regurg .. therefore leading to a hyperdynamic/hypervoluemic circulation of the rt heart) ...



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  #7

Guys, the correct answer is B. Well done everyone.
The concept I am struggling w/ is how you get RVH in Tricuspid insufficiency. Also, I'm not sure how you would get pleural effusions. Can someone distinguish pleural effusions vs pulmonary edema for me.

This is a pretty important concept, so I'll appreciate it if one of you all can hit it for me!!!

  #8

Btw..I think you can get all of the above symptoms w/ A as well. But the timing is VERY questionable as it will take much longer, probably years, to achieve those symptoms. Also, you will get LA hypertrophy

  #9

the Q was simple.......it is TR...
TR has incompetence of tricuspid valve.....it means rt. ventricle not able to empty it self completely, due to incomplete closure of the tricuspid valve.
this leads to increase rt. ventricular end diastolic and end systolic volume, which occurs as a result of back log of previous cardiac cycle and gets added to the subsequent.
this incompitence increases progressively and so the end syst and diastolic volume....so the same number of rt. venricular muscle fibres have to work double or even more....to push the extra amount of load.
if u have understood this much no problem further...
extra work to same number of fibres....more chance of getting hypertrophied.....that is rt. ventricular hypertrophy.....still more work.....no hypertrophy possible..........FAILURE....both of which are evident on radiography...
now, rt. ventr. has failed so even less blood is pushed in the pulmonary circuit.....regurges back into the rt. atrium....cannot hypertrophy so goes in failure........this leads to falling back of pressure on to IVC.....so LIVER DISTENSION....
pressure on SVC.........so EXT JUG VEIN DISTENTION...
elevation of rt. atrial pressure..........DIST OF AZYGOUS VEIN>>>>>>>>PLEURAL EFFUSION.

and yes there wont be any left atrial pressure elevation or failure.......
bcos less blood reaching pulmonary circuit............less blood to left atrium........rather there will be left atrial and ventricular atrophy....partially.......

left sisded failure may lead to rt. sided failure bur rt. sided failure never leads to left sided failure.....

hope that helps.......

  #10

It,s rrrightnod
Tricuspid regurgitation is characterized by the backflow of regurgitant blood into the right atrium during systole. Since the right atrium is relatively compliant, there are often no major hemodynamic consequences among patients with mild or moderately severe tricuspid regurgitation. When regurgitation is severe, however, right atrial and venous pressure rise and can result in the signs and symptoms of right sided congestive heart failure.

Due to volume and pressure overload in the right ventricle, right ventricular end diastolic pressure is often elevated independent of the etiology for the tricuspid regurgitation. The pressure is particularly high, however, when the cause of regurgitation is primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension



  #11

hey drduck , that was a very good explanation nod

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  #12

drduck wrote:
the Q was simple.......it is TR...
TR has incompetence of tricuspid valve.....it means rt. ventricle not able to empty it self completely, due to incomplete closure of the tricuspid valve.
this leads to increase rt. ventricular end diastolic and end systolic volume, which occurs as a result of back log of previous cardiac cycle and gets added to the subsequent.
this incompitence increases progressively and so the end syst and diastolic volume....so the same number of rt. venricular muscle fibres have to work double or even more....to push the extra amount of load.
if u have understood this much no problem further...
extra work to same number of fibres....more chance of getting hypertrophied.....that is rt. ventricular hypertrophy.....still more work.....no hypertrophy possible..........FAILURE....both of which are evident on radiography...
now, rt. ventr. has failed so even less blood is pushed in the pulmonary circuit.....regurges back into the rt. atrium....cannot hypertrophy so goes in failure........this leads to falling back of pressure on to IVC.....so LIVER DISTENSION....
pressure on SVC.........so EXT JUG VEIN DISTENTION...
elevation of rt. atrial pressure..........DIST OF AZYGOUS VEIN>>>>>>>>PLEURAL EFFUSION.

and yes there wont be any left atrial pressure elevation or failure.......
bcos less blood reaching pulmonary circuit............less blood to left atrium........rather there will be left atrial and ventricular atrophy....partially.......

left sisded failure may lead to rt. sided failure bur rt. sided failure never leads to left sided failure.....

hope that helps.......


Good job, duck! wink

  #13

B

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  #14

coolcool







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