kiranmayi
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A 28-year-old man is placed on haloperidol after he is diagnosed with schizophrenia. A few days later his concerned mother brings him back to the psychiatrist because he is exhibiting strange movements. The physician observes movements that consist of sustained contractions and twisting motions of his limbs and trunk, with his eyes tonically deviated upward for several minutes. Which of the following adverse reactions is occurring in this patient?
A. Akathisia
B. Dystonia
C. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
D. Parkinsonism
E. Tardive dyskinesia
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| dxtxpx
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dystonia
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| alice8
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B. Dystonia
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Dream on 'til your dream comes true.
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| asmi
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yep dystonia..
Guys can anyone define each...?
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| kiranmayi
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dystonia is an acute extrapyramidal side effect that can be a consequence of neuroleptic therapy. Acute dystonic reactions generally occur within the first few days of the initiation of neuroleptic therapy, tend to occur more frequently in children and young adults, and occur in males
more often than females. The sustained eye deviation described in the question is a form of dystonia called an oculogyric crisis. These reactions are reversible with antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), anticholinergic
drugs (e.g., benztropine), or diazepam.
Akathisia is an extrapyramidal syndrome characterized by a feeling of restlessness, frequent,repetitive stereotyped movements and an inability to sit still for more than a short period of time. It usually occurs during the first few months of drug use.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare, but potentially fatal syndrome that usually occurs within 10 days of starting neuroleptic therapy. Clinical manifestations include fever, encephalopathy, muscle rigidity,dystonia, diaphoresis, tachycardia, and labile blood pressure.
Parkinsonism,as the name implies, is similar to Parkinson's disease: mask-like facies, drooling,tremors, pill-rolling motion, cogwheel rigidity, and shuffling gait all may be present. Parkinsonism can be produced by neuroleptic drugs, usually beginning about three weeks after the initiation of therapy.
Tardive dyskinesia is an often irreversible syndrome characterized by involuntary, choreoathetoid movements in patients treated with antipsychotic medications. The frequency of tardive dyskinesia increases
with age and with the length of therapy. This disorder would be unlikely to occur within a few days of the initiation of drug therapy.
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| asmi
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THANKS KIRAN 
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| usmleasr
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relate the side effects with potency of anti psychotics :roll:
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| asmi
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low potency agents ( phenothiazines)---> low EPS symptoms and high anticholinergic effects
high potency agents( haloperidol)----> high EPS symptoms and low anticholinergic effects.
NOTE:Its not to make fun ,but just to remember it well :idea:
An easier way to remember EPS .caused by neuroleptics..
dystonia's ....."young man is still but his muscles and eyes dance."----> peak 1 wk after therapy
akathisia...."man is unable to sit still, he moves"----> 2 wks after therapy
parkinsonian effects...ofcourse we do remember---> usually with in 3 months of Tx
tardive dyskinesia..." man is dancing"---> after 6 months of Tx.
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| dxtxpx
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another funny one for akithisia: man acts like he has ants in his pants
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| asmi
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