sheena2005
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amiodarone side effects
pulmonary--lipoid pnumonitis
Thyroid---hypo or hyperthyroidism
Hepatic--raised aminotransferases
Corneal--corneal depositions
Skin--bluish slte discoloration
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| sheeezooo
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CD4..cell marker for helper T lymphocyte that would be found in halo of lymphocytes surrounding the langerhan goiant cells.
CD8..cell marker for cytotoxic Tlymphocytes that would be present in halo of giant cell but not on gint cells themselves.
CD14..endotoxin receptor,is standard marker for macrophages andcells of their lineage.
CD16..cell marker of NK cells.
CD19....cell marker for b lymphocytes.
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| sheeezooo
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SHOCK..decrease effective circulatory volume
CAUSES...decrease CO (MI,arrythmia,tamponade), reduction of blood volume(hemmorrhage, adrenal insufficiency,fluid loss),pooling in periphery:massive vasodilation caused by bacterial toxins and vasoactive substances.
COMPLICATIONS..cellular hypoxia, lactic acidosis,encephalopathy,myocardial necrosis and infarcts, pulmonary edema,ARDS, acute tubular necrosis.
STAGES...
COMPANSATED...reflex tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction.
DECOMPANSATED:..dec:BP, increase tachycardia, metabolic acidosis,respiratory distress and decrease renal ouput
IRREVERSIBLE: irreversable cellular damage, coma and death.
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| sheeezooo
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types of shock
-septic
-cardiogenic
-anaphylactic
-neurogenic
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| sheena2005
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clinical reflexes
Biceps--C5 nerve root
triceps--C7 nerve root
Patella--L4 nerve root
Achilles--S1 nerve root
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| sheeezooo
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NERVE INJURIES RELATED TO SPECIFIC FRACTURES..
-RADIAL NERVE.....distal 1/3 humeral shaft fracture.
ULNAR NERVE AND ANTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE...elbow dislocation
MEDIAN NERVE AND /OR RADIAL NERVE....supracondylar and medial epicondyle fracture in children
AXILLARY NERVE..direct blow to anteriolateral deltoid muscle,glenohumeral dislocation,or a proximal humerous fracture.
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| sheena2005
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broca's aphasia --broken speech (motor aphasia)
wernicke's aphasia--wordy but makes no sense(receptive aphasia)
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| sheeezooo
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Motor cortex and premotor cortex...present in frontal lobe..damage to these areas...results in expressive aphasia in which pt articulate speech or write normally..but can comprehensed written and spoken language.
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| sheeezooo
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sensory cortex present in parietal lobe...damage resulta in contralateral hemianesthesia.
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| sheeezooo
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-Subclavian artery injury...decrease pulses.
-Subclavian vein injury...venous stasis, discoloration, and swelling
-Bracial plexus injury..distal nerve dysfunction
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| sheeezooo
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MEASLES, a paramyxovirus results in T cell defficiency.
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| sheeezooo
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treat hyper IgM syndrome with pooled gama globulin.
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| sheeezooo
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Selective IgA defficiency....caused by lack of maturation of B cells, failure of gene switching in heavy chains.
Significant features...most common congenital B cell defect 1/700, Pulmnary tract infections.
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| study_ing
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this was a list of antibodies by robins near step 1..http://www.prep4usmle.com/forum/comments.php?id=37508
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| sheeezooo
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its great sudyin..thanks dear..
also if u think more topics from step 1 plz disscuss or atleast..mention 
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| study_ing
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IMMUNODEFICIENCY syndromes are extremely HY.
http://www.prep4usmle.com/forum/comments.php?id=4...
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