study_ing
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if there are long trasct findings, and the face isnt involved..analyse the long tract deficits. pain and temp will be opp to the rest ( in general)..these point to a sc lesion..eg hemisection
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| study_ing
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remember when u review these points do not confuse DEFICITS with reference to the face and lower body..
with deficits compared to the lesion.
an internal capsule infarct wil produce motor/sensory deeficits contralateral to the lesion itsllef ..but the same side of the face and body will be involved.
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| study_ing
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once i got familiar withthis basic pattern, i tried learning the different syndromes...
im assuming this is HY..if any experienced examinee thinks otherwise do post 
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| sheeezooo
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thax a lot ..really appreaciate that..
GOD BLESS U.
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| sheena2005
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rubella is caused by RNA toga virus.
posterior cervical and post auricular lymhadenopathies are charecterstic of rubella.
palms and soles are also not involved
Edited by sheena2005 on 09/04/06 - 07:56 PM
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| sheena2005
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gram positive bugd forming spores.
bacillus anthracis
clostridium perferinges
clostridium tetani
they have dipicolinic acid in their core.have no metabolic activity.
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| sheena2005
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gram stain limitations
treponema--too thin to be visualized----dark field microscopy and flourescent antibody staining.
Rickettesia--intracellular parasite
Mycobacteria-- high lipid content cell wall requires acid fast stain
Mycoplasma-- no cell wall
legionella pneumophilia--intracellular-- silver stain
chlaymydia--intracellilar parasite.
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| sheena2005
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rheumatoid nodules are dur to focal vasculitis.
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| anne06
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tay sach's-hexosaminidase A
KRABBE-BETA GALACTOSIDASE
FABRY-ALPHA GALACTOSIDASE
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| study_ing
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great
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| sheeezooo
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THALACEMIAS
ALPHA...secondary to gene deletion.4 genese can be deleted
1 deleted....silent carrier
2 deleted..trait
3 deleted HBH disease
4 deleted ...hydropes fetalis,bart hb
CLINICAL PICTURE..variable clinical severity, non alpha chain aggregates less toxic, mild hemolysis and anemia tend to be milder; brts in neonate leads to anoxia and intrauterine death.
BETA..
defects in mRNAprocessing.
homozygous..beta thalacemia major
heterozygous..beta thalacemia monir.
CLINICAL PICTURE..mediterranean countries,africa,south asia.
relative excess of alpha chains..hb aggregates and become insoluble
intra and extra medullary hemolysis , extramedullary hemopoises ,secondary hemochromatosis.
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| sheeezooo
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Hb ELECTROPHORESIS...
-alpha thalacemia: normal HbA2 and HbF
-beta thalacemia minor(trait):elevated HbA2,HbF
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| sheeezooo
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I DUN KNO THATS H/Y OR NOT..but i was readin it so put it here just to rewise in last..
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| sheena2005
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dry cough with use of ACE inhibitors is due to increasd production of bradykinins, substance p,thromboxanes and prostaglandins.
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| sheeezooo
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when an individual focuses on nearby objects after looking at distant objects,3 events occurs..
1.ACCOMODATION..parasympathetic fibers contract the ciliary muscle, which relaxes suspensory ligaments,allowing lense to increase its convexity..increase in refractive index of the lens..thereby focusing a near object on retina
2. CONVERGENCE..both medial rectus muscles contract,adductin both eyes.
3. PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION...parasympathetic fibers contractthe pupillar sphincter muscle....miosis.
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| sheeezooo
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HORNER SYNDROME..caused by lesion of oculosympathetic pathway..
consist of:
-miosis
-ptosis
-apparant enopthalmos
-hemianhidrosis
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| sheeezooo
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increases intracranial pressure..leads to uncal herniation..causes compression of occulomotor nerve..causes the fixed and dilated pupil, down and out eye,ptosis.
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| sheena2005
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diagnostic steps of pulmonary embolism
V/Q scan------if inconclusive then
venous ultrasonography or CT angiogram of chest
pulmonary angiography....gold standard but lefdt for the last because it is an invasive prcedure
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| sheena2005
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posterior segment of the rigth upper lobe gets the lung abscess incase of aspiration in recumbent position.
and apical segment of the right lower lobe gets the abscesss also in the recumbent position
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| sheeezooo
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HEPATITIS SEROLOGIC MARKERS..
-IgMHAVAb....IgM antibody to HAV, best test to detect hepatitis A
-HBsAb......antigen found on surface of HBV, continued presence indicates carrier state.
-HBsAb.....antibody to HBsAg, provides immunity to hepatitis B.
-HBcAg...antigen associated with core HBV.
-HBcAb.....antibody to HBcAg, positive during window period.IgM HBcAb is an indicator of recent disease.
-HBeAg..A second diff antigen, determinant in the HBV core, important indicator of transmissibility.
-HBeAb.....antibody to e antigen, indicates low transimissibility.
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| sheeezooo
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watch for persistant ischemia, coronary ischemia causes chest pain, and occlusion causes heart attack.
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| sheeezooo
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atherosclerosis is major cause of ischemia,resulting from build up plaque, which causes occlusion .occluded vessel prohibits bloodflow to the heart,which can lead to sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction if not treated.
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| sheena2005
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name the orgainism
osteomylitis in sickle cell patients---------salmonella
osteomylitis from foot wound puncture------------pseudomonas
infection with burn victim----------pseudomaonas
current jelly sputum-----------klebsiella
alcholic with pneumonia----------klebsiella
meningitis in elderly---------------strp pneumonia
dog or cat bite------------pasteurella multicoda
painful chancroid------------------hemophilus ducreyi
pneumonia i n a bird breeder-------------chlaymydia psittaci
pneumonia from air conditioning systems---------------legionella
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| sheeezooo
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high dose of niacin use to correct the low HDL levels.
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| study_ing
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IMMUNODEFICIENY syndroems are a definite overlap..will figure out an approach to doing their qs ...
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