keepgoing
Forum Guru
Topics: 71
Posts: 1,865
|
hi everyone...!
indi-- sure why not but juz one..u have got permanent set of teeth now better take care  
zade-- how r u feeling now?take care of ur health its prime duty....
ramraka-- u r most welcome to join in.. what have u started with i mean subject?and whn gonna appear in exam..?
nnl---good i juz finished resp today now onto renal but tom will start cos now time for mcqs...enjoy studying!good questions btw but will ans whn feel i know not juz anymore tukkas need concepts so...hope for that..
focus--hows u doing...u all in system wise group are really wise ..and doing good...:thumb up:
novak-- u r juz amazing gal good knowledge. besides, not able to study properly u still rock keep it up!
happy studying...!
___________________
"God be with me "
|
| indidoc1
Forum Guru
Topics: 50
Posts: 978
|
I hope zade's better now n found her books
Novak's studying.. no report? Same fr lily
nnl not posting answers
KG.. 1 on this thread n 2 on the other I m happy now
Edited by indidoc1 on 02/06/07 - 11:20 AM
___________________
"Whether you think you can or whether you think you can't, you're right!" ~ Henry Ford
|
| new_n_lost
Politically InCorrect
Topics: 654
Posts: 6,113
|
1. A patient has an insulin-secreting tumor that is localized to the tail of the pancreas. Which of the following would most likely be an associated finding during fasting?
A. Glycosylated hemoglobin level is increased
B. Plasma concentration of C peptide is decreased
C. Plasma concentration of glucagon is decreased
D. Plasma concentration of glucose is increased
E. Plasma concentration of proinsulin is increased
The correct answer is E. Hypersecretion of insulin by a pancreatic b cell tumor is a major cause of fasting hypoglycemia (plasma glucose is not increased, choice D). Symptoms are related to neuroglycopenia and could include recurrent central nervous system dysfunction during fasting or exercise. While proinsulin only makes up approximately 20% of plasma immunoreactive insulin in normal individuals, in patients with an insulinoma it contributes 30-90% of the immunoreactive insulin. Hence, plasma levels of proinsulin are increased. The increased secretion of insulin by the tumor will also lead to an increase in C peptide secretion (not decreased, choice B) since b cells secrete insulin and C peptide on a one-to-one molar ratio. Given the prolonged hypoglycemia, the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin may also be decreased, although this is not a universal finding. Certainly, an increase in Glycosylated hemoglobin would not be expected (choice A). Glucagon secretion is increased by hypoglycemia and its plasma level in a patient with an insulinoma would be expected to be increased compared to normal (not decreased, choice C).
2. A 7-year-old patient presents with a mass in the anterior midline of the neck, slightly above the larynx. The mass is mobile and elevates upon protrusion of the tongue. This mass is most likely a cyst that developed from which of the following embryonic structures?
A. First pharyngeal cleft
B. First pharyngeal pouch
C. Second pharyngeal cleft
D. Second pharyngeal pouch
E. Thyroglossal duct
The correct answer is E. The thyroglossal duct develops as an evagination of the floor of the pharynx in the region where the tongue develops. The adult foramen cecum of the tongue marks the site of this evagination. The distal end of this duct normally forms the thyroid gland; the proximal part of the duct normally degenerates. Failure of a part of the duct to degenerate may lead to a thyroglossal duct cyst or median cervical cyst, as seen in this patient.
The first pharyngeal cleft (choice A) forms the external ear canal. This cleft normally remains patent.
The first pharyngeal pouch (choice B) forms the middle ear cavity and the auditory tube. This pouch normally remains patent.
The second pharyngeal cleft (choice C) normally does not remain patent. It is typically covered over by the overgrowth of the second pharyngeal arch. If part of this pouch does remain patent, it may form a lateral cervical cyst, which is seen on the lateral side of the neck along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
The second pharyngeal pouch (choice D) forms the tonsillar fossa of the pharynx. The pharyngeal mucosa in this area arises from the endoderm of the pouch. Ingrowth of mesoderm cells results in the formation of the palatine tonsil.
3. A 25-year-old man presents to a physician because of multiple small nodules on his lips. The clinician notes that the patient has a marfanoid habitus. Biopsy of one of these nodules demonstrates a mucosal neuroma. Which of the following screening tests is indicated?
A. Pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin
B. Serum gastrin
C. Serum insulin
D. Serum parathyroid hormone
E. Serum vasoactive intestinal peptide
The correct answer is A. The presence of mucosal neuromas, particularly when multiple and when the patient has a marfanoid syndrome, is a marker for multiple endocrine neoplasia type Iib (MEN IIb). MEN IIb predisposes for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and pheochromocytoma. Pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin studies may suggest the presence of thyroid C cell hyperplasia, which may precede frank medullary carcinoma.
High serum gastrin (choice B) suggests pancreatic or duodenal gastrinomas, which may be a component of MEN I.
High serum insulin (choice C) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (choice E) also suggest pancreatic endocrine tumors, which may be a component of MEN I.
Parathyroid hyperplasia or adenomas with parathyroid hormone secretion (choice D) can be seen in MEN I and MEN IIa, but are not part of MEN IIb.
4. A pregnant woman in her second trimester complains of heat intolerance and palpitations. Physical examination reveals a slightly enlarged, non-tender thyroid gland, and a normal cardiac exam. The serum thyroxine (T4) level is increased; however, the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is normal. Which of the following best explains the laboratory findings in this patient?
A. Decreased estrogen
B. Increased free thyroxine (T4)
C. Increased progesterone
D. Increased serum triiodothyronine (T3)
E. Increased thyroid-binding globulin (TBG)
The correct answer is E. The total serum thyroxine (T4) represents the sum of the T4 bound to thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) and the free T4. An increased total T4 may be due to an increase in TBG or an increase in free T4, the latter leading to signs of thyrotoxicosis. A decreased total T4 may be secondary to a reduction in TBG or in free T4, the latter leading to signs of hypothyroidism. In a euthyroid state, one-third of the binding sites on TBG are occupied by T4. An increase in estrogen (pregnancy, birth control pills) increases the synthesis of TBG. Since one-third of the binding sites on TBG will be occupied, the T4 bound to the additional TBG increases the total serum T4. The addition of extra TBG does not alter the free T4 level because of the equilibrium between the serum concentration of T4 and thyroid gland T4 production. Since the free T4 level is normal, there is no stimulus to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. Regarding the patient's enlarged thyroid gland, heat intolerance, and palpitations, these are normal findings in pregnancy and do not indicate an overactive thyroid gland.
Estrogen is increased (not decreased) in pregnancy (choice A).
The serum free T4 (choice B) is normal in pregnancy. This explains why the serum TSH is normal in the presence of an elevated serum T4, which reflects the increase in TBG normally occurring in pregnancy.
The increase in progesterone (choice C) during pregnancy has no effect on TBG levels.
Although the serum T3 (choice D) concentration is increased in pregnancy for the same reason as serum T4 (more T3 is bound to TBG), it is not responsible for the increase in synthesis of TBG that leads to the increase in serum T4.
___________________
FORUM RULES-- Those who believe in telekinesis, raise my hand. I get enough exercise just by pushing my luck --P4U World.." The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple."
|
| indidoc1
Forum Guru
Topics: 50
Posts: 978
|
Thanx fr the answers nnl.
___________________
"Whether you think you can or whether you think you can't, you're right!" ~ Henry Ford
|
| keepgoing
Forum Guru
Topics: 71
Posts: 1,865
|
 goood thanx nnl!
___________________
"God be with me "
|
| mytime
Go Marching in!
Topics: 39
Posts: 3,174
|
1.The Anti-inflammatory effect of Cortisol treatment is thought to be due to
a) Increased formation of Leukotrienes
b) Increased release of pyrogen from granulocyte
c) Activation of phospholipase A2
d) Stabilization of cellular lysosomal membranes
e) Increased capillary membrane permability
2. A patient with hypocalcaemia would be expected to experience
a) Metabolic Acidosis
b) Euphoria
c) Hyperphagia
d) Polyuria
e) Diarrhea
3. Insulin deficiency leads to
a) Decreased fatty acid release from adipose tissue
b) Enhanced glucose uptake and use except by brain tissue
c) Decreased intracellular alpha - glycerophosphate in liver and fat cells
d) Indirect depression of use of glucose by fatty acid in the blood.
e) Increased cellular uptake of glucose .
4) Cortisol Administration to a patient with adrenal insufficiency will
a) Increase corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
b) Increase ACTH secretion
c) Increase insulin sensitivity in muscle
d) Enhance wound healing
e) Increase Gluconeogenesis
5) A 25 yr old man presents to his physician for an annual physical. He was previously diagnosed with a growth hormone secreting tumor on his Anterior pituitary, for which he is taking somatostatin analog. Lab results reveal Elevated GH levels. Which of the following would most likely be also present in this patient?
a) Decreased Insulin Levels
b) Increased Long Bone Growth
c) Decreased Gluconeogenesis
d) Decreased Lipolysis
e) Insulin Resistance
|
| mytime
Go Marching in!
Topics: 39
Posts: 3,174
|
OK guys all discussions and qs. here? COOL NNL! Y did I not come up with that one? 
|
| mytime
Go Marching in!
Topics: 39
Posts: 3,174
|
Q 1- A 42 year old man visits his doctor after his cousin , who has not seen him for year, notices a change in his appearnace . Overgrowth of his frontal bones and enlargement of his hands and feets have occured . The patient complains of a tingling sensation in the 1st , 2nd and 3rd digits of the right hand and loss of the coordination and strength of the right thumb. Which of the following nerves has most likely been affected?
a-anterior interosseous nerve
b-median nerve
c-musculocutaneous nerve
d-radial nerve
e-ulnar nerve
Q2- A large tumor mass impinges on the splenic artery and its branches as the artery passes out from below the gastric curvature of the stomach . Branches of which of the following arteries would most likely get affected by the pressure on the splenic artery?
a- left gastric
b-left gastroepiploic
c-right gastric
d-right gastroepiploic
e-short gastric
Q3- A patient complains to his physician that his thumb " does not work right" . The physician notes weakness of the thumb on extension , although rotation , flexion , abduction , adduction and opposition are normal . Which of the following nerves is most likely to be involved?
a-median and radial
b-median and ulnar
c-median only
d-radial only
e-ulnar only
|
| new_n_lost
Politically InCorrect
Topics: 654
Posts: 6,113
|
Q 1 Median Nerve B
Q 2 Left Gastric artey A
Q 3 Median nerve only C ??
___________________
FORUM RULES-- Those who believe in telekinesis, raise my hand. I get enough exercise just by pushing my luck --P4U World.." The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple."
|
| unique1
InGodITrust
Topics: 19
Posts: 1,421
|
1; B , Median nerve
2; A , Left gastric
3; D , Radial only
___________________
I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.
|
| new_n_lost
Politically InCorrect
Topics: 654
Posts: 6,113
|
Hey Keepgoing u havent posted answers for ur questions Honestly i havent found such good questions n hard ones too.
___________________
FORUM RULES-- Those who believe in telekinesis, raise my hand. I get enough exercise just by pushing my luck --P4U World.." The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple."
|
| keepgoing
Forum Guru
Topics: 71
Posts: 1,865
|
sorry nnl
Cofactors for----
1.mitrocondrial superoxide dimutase & glycosyl transferase----> manganese
2.Gluthione peroxide-----> selenium
3. Xanthine oxidae-----> molybdenum
4. enhancing insulin activity----> chromium
5. Cytochrome c oxidase------> copper
clue--->calcium,vit e,molybbdeum,vit c,manganese,zinc,chromium,copper,selenium,biotin,B6.
really good now things are better n clear n neat
___________________
"God be with me "
|
| indidoc1
Forum Guru
Topics: 50
Posts: 978
|
Yippeee!! Some Qs at last which i cn attempt!!
mytime wrote:
Q 1- A 42 year old man visits his doctor after his cousin , who has not seen him for year, notices a change in his appearnace . Overgrowth of his frontal bones and enlargement of his hands and feets have occured . The patient complains of a tingling sensation in the 1st , 2nd and 3rd digits of the right hand and loss of the coordination and strength of the right thumb. Which of the following nerves has most likely been affected?
a-anterior interosseous nerve
b-median nerve
c-musculocutaneous nerve
d-radial nerve
e-ulnar nerve
Q2- A large tumor mass impinges on the splenic artery and its branches as the artery passes out from below the gastric curvature of the stomach . Branches of which of the following arteries would most likely get affected by the pressure on the splenic artery?
a- left gastric
b-left gastroepiploic
c-right gastric
d-right gastroepiploic
e-short gastric
Q3- A patient complains to his physician that his thumb " does not work right" . The physician notes weakness of the thumb on extension , although rotation , flexion , abduction , adduction and opposition are normal . Which of the following nerves is most likely to be involved?
a-median and radial
b-median and ulnar
c-median only
d-radial only
e-ulnar only
1 B Median nerve (Whats the enlarged bones due to?? )
2 B Left gastroepiploic.. BTW... is it "gastric curvature" or greater curvature?
3 D Radial nerve only... Extension of thumb at IPJ is an imp test fr integrity of radial n. in isolation.
I hope i cn get some candy this time.
Edited by indidoc1 on 02/08/07 - 05:06 AM
___________________
"Whether you think you can or whether you think you can't, you're right!" ~ Henry Ford
|
| mytime
Go Marching in!
Topics: 39
Posts: 3,174
|
Hey Which is the 4th.. most common cause of death in US?
|
| new_n_lost
Politically InCorrect
Topics: 654
Posts: 6,113
|
Chronic Respiratory disease ??
___________________
FORUM RULES-- Those who believe in telekinesis, raise my hand. I get enough exercise just by pushing my luck --P4U World.." The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple."
|
| unique1
InGodITrust
Topics: 19
Posts: 1,421
|
One of these :
Chronic resp. disease
or
Accidental injuries
___________________
I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.
|
| mytime
Go Marching in!
Topics: 39
Posts: 3,174
|
COPD it's ! rest later! Someone ans. endo qs..or no ans!
|
| new_n_lost
Politically InCorrect
Topics: 654
Posts: 6,113
|
1. Which of the following causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle?
(A) Leukotrienes
(B) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
(C) Acetylcholine
(D) Cool air
(E) Sulfur dioxide
2. Airway resistance
(A) is increased if the lungs are removed and inflated with saline
(B) does not affect the work of breathing
(C) is increased in paraplegic patients
(D) is increased in asthma
(E) makes up 80% of the work of breathing
3. In which of the following conditions is CO2 retention most likely to occur?
(A) Climbing a high mountain
(B) Ventilatory failure
(C) Carbon monoxide poisoning
(D) Lung failure
(E) Hysterical hyperventilation
4. Intravenous lactic acid increases ventilation. The receptors responsible for this effect are located in the
(A) medulla oblongata
(B) carotid bodies
(C) lung parenchyma
(D) aortic baroreceptors
(E) trachea and large bronchi
5. Intractable hiccups sometimes respond to
(A) increasing arterial PO2
(B) injection of acetylcholine
(C) injection of dopamine antagonists
(D) increasing arterial pH
(E) hyperventilation
6. Variations in which of the following components of blood or cerebrospinal fluid do not affect respiration?
(A) Arterial HCO3- concentration
(B) Arterial H+ concentration
(C) Arterial Na+ concentration
(D) Cerebrospinal fluid CO2 concentration
(E) Cerebrospinal fluid H+ concentration
7. Injection of a drug that stimulates the carotid bodies would be expected to cause
(A) a decrease in the pH of arterial blood
(B) a decrease in the PCO2 of arterial blood
(C) an increase in the HCO3- concentration of arterial blood
(D) an increase in urinary Na+ excretion
(E) an increase in plasma Cl-
8. Stimulation of the central (proximal) end of a cut vagus nerve would be expected to
(A) increase heart rate
(B) stimulate inspiration
(C) inhibit coughing
(D) raise blood pressure
(E) cause apnea
Edited by new_n_lost on 02/08/07 - 02:36 PM
___________________
FORUM RULES-- Those who believe in telekinesis, raise my hand. I get enough exercise just by pushing my luck --P4U World.." The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple."
|
| keepgoing
Forum Guru
Topics: 71
Posts: 1,865
|
1. Which of the following causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle?
(A) Leukotrienes
(B) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ???? juz tukka
(C) Acetylcholine
(D) Cool air
(E) Sulfur dioxide
2. Airway resistance
(A) is increased if the lungs are removed and inflated with saline
(B) does not affect the work of breathing
(C) is increased in paraplegic patients
(D) is increased in asthma sure
(E) makes up 80% of the work of breathing
3. In which of the following conditions is CO2 retention most likely to occur?
(A) Climbing a high mountain
(B) Ventilatory failure ???
(C) Carbon monoxide poisoning
(D) Lung failure ??
(E) Hysterical hyperventilation
4. Intravenous lactic acid increases ventilation. The receptors responsible for this effect are located in the
(A) medulla oblongata
(B) carotid bodies
(C) lung parenchyma
(D) aortic baroreceptors
(E) trachea and large bronchi
5. Intractable hiccups sometimes respond to
(A) increasing arterial PO2
(B) injection of acetylcholine
(C) injection of dopamine antagonists sure
(D) increasing arterial pH
(E) hyperventilation
6. Variations in which of the following components of blood or cerebrospinal fluid do not affect respiration?
(A) Arterial HCO3- concentration
(B) Arterial H+ concentration
(C) Arterial Na+ concentration
(D) Cerebrospinal fluid CO2 concentration
(E) Cerebrospinal fluid H+ concentration
7. Injection of a drug that stimulates the carotid bodies would be expected to cause
(A) a decrease in the pH of arterial blood
(B) a decrease in the PCO2 of arterial blood
(C) an increase in the HCO3- concentration of arterial blood
(D) an increase in urinary Na+ excretion
(E) an increase in plasma Cl-
8. Stimulation of the central (proximal) end of a cut vagus nerve would be expected to
(A) increase heart rate
(B) stimulate inspiration ???
(C) inhibit coughing
(D) raise blood pressure
(E) cause apnea
___________________
"God be with me "
|
| unique1
InGodITrust
Topics: 19
Posts: 1,421
|
1: Guess it is VIP.
2: D
3: B
4: B
5: C
6: D
7: B
8: C
These are the answers to NNL's resp. qs.
Guys, isn't it getting a little confusing this way ? We will loose track who is answering which qs?
There is a suggestion , Whoever posts the qs, should give certain time to post the answers , say 24 hours, and after that he/she should post the right answers.
Next person should post qs. only after the right answers to the previous ones have been posted .
Now we have answers due for mytime's Endo and Anatomy qs and NNL's resp.qs.
___________________
I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.
|
| mytime
Go Marching in!
Topics: 39
Posts: 3,174
|
I agree with UNIQUE. I didn't post endo ans. since no one attempted and won't till at least someone does! But yes guys wait and plz. wait till the system is over..coz this way the ones still reading get tensed and have trouble reading. Example ME!!!!!!!! I haven't even open physio yet...and somehow can't trust my instinct but will attempt them sometime today.
So INDI u hold the thot right there post qs. on weekend ok? Thank you!
|
| mytime
Go Marching in!
Topics: 39
Posts: 3,174
|
1. VIP, coz i remember reading it vaguely.
2. Asthma, what else?
3. Ventilatory failure.
4. Medulla
5. Dopamina antagonist.
6. D. Csf Co2
7. PO2 decresae in arterial bld.
8. I don't know this but am thinking cough since it's a reflex.
|
| mytime
Go Marching in!
Topics: 39
Posts: 3,174
|
Abt. the anat. qs. indi got all correct.
|
| new_n_lost
Politically InCorrect
Topics: 654
Posts: 6,113
|
Ooops !!
Mytime ..... u do know y i didnt answer questions 
So u guys will have to tell me when to go ahead with questions.
___________________
FORUM RULES-- Those who believe in telekinesis, raise my hand. I get enough exercise just by pushing my luck --P4U World.." The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple."
|
| unique1
InGodITrust
Topics: 19
Posts: 1,421
|
Mytime,I believe in your Anatomy qs the right answer to 2nd q is E "short gastric artery" not B.
Left gastroepiploic artery has anstomotic connections with right gastroepiploic artery , so the blood supply is not affected while short gastric artery does not have any anastomoses so the area supplied by short gastric artery is affected more.
Indi won't snatch your candy though
___________________
I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.
|
|
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
