guayoman
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55 male chronic alcoholism. c/o swollen belly and puffy feet. PMH: Depression and PUD. takes no medications. PE: bilateral gynecomastya, and spider angiomas. CAput medusae are noted on his abdomen. Shifting dullness on percussion. No evidence of asterixis. Ppitting edema of lower extremities. Which of he following findings has the same pahogenesis as gynecomastia?
A.CAput medusae
B. Ascites
C. Asterixis
D. Spider angiomata
E. Pedal edema
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| guayoman
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No one??
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| AAAAA
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No one !!!
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| divya888
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B. Ascites ??
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| AAAAA
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caput Medusae
The term Caput Medusae describes the appearance of distended and engorged umbilical veins which are seen radiating from the umbilicus across the abdomen to join systemic veins. It is a sign of severe portal hypertension with portal-systemic shunting through the umbilical veins. The name originates from the apparent similarity to Medusa's hair once Minerva had turned it into snakes.
Caput Medusae is distinguished from inferior vena cava obstruction by determining the direction of flow in the veins below the umbilicus; it is towards the legs in the former, and towards the head in the latter (as abdominal collaterals develop to bypass the blocked inferior vena cava and permit venous return from the legs).
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| AAAAA
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B
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| AAAAA
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C M
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| star1
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D. Spider angiomata
Which of he following findings has the same pahogenesis as gynecomastia?
BOTH Gynaecomastia and spider angiomata are because of hyperestrogenic state....
Correct me?
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| AAAAA
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Correct !
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| AAAAA
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I misread the question !
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| AAAAA
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Introduction
Gynecomastia, which represents a benign proliferation of
the breast glandular tissue, can be detected in up to 70%
of boys during puberty and between one-third and twothirds
of adults (Braunstein 1993). This common clinical
condition results from an imbalance in estrogen action
relative to androgen action at the breast tissue level.
The estrogen/androgen imbalance may result from an
increase in free estrogens through direct secretion from the
testes or adrenal glands, extraglandular aromatization of
estrogen precursors, displacement of more estrogen than
androgen from the blood transport protein, sex hormonebinding
globulin (SHBG), by certain drugs such as
spironolactone or ketoconazole, decreased or altered
metabolism of estrogens, or through the administration or
exposure to exogenous estrogen or estrogen-like drugs.
The imbalance may also occur from a decrease in free
androgens through decreased secretion from the testes,
altered metabolism of androgens or increased binding of
androgens relative to estrogens by SHBG. Androgen
receptor defects, either due to mutations in the receptor
that reduce its function or to competitive displacement of
androgens from the receptors by drugs such as
spironolactone, flutamide, or cimetidine also reduce
androgen action and, hence, the androgen antagonism of
estrogen effect on the breast. Finally, in some individuals,
gynecomastia may result from an enhanced sensitivity of
breast tissue to normal concentrations of free estrogens
and androgens (Braunstein 1993).
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| AAAAA
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OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous spider angioma is a common sign observed in patients with liver cirrhosis, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. Increased plasma levels of estrogen, vascular dilation, and neovascularization are possible etiologies. This study was designed to investigate the relationship of spider angiomas in patients with nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis to the plasma levels of sex hormones and various vasodilators and hemodynamic parameters.
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| AAAAA
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Musculoskeletal and Dermatologic
The obvious change in the center of gravity during
pregnancy can lead to a shift in posture and lower
back strain. Numerous changes in the skin occur
during pregnancy, including spider angiomata and
palmar erythema secondary to increased estrogen
levels and hyperpigmentation of the nipples, umbilicus,
abdominal midline (the linea nigra), perineum,
and face (melasma or chloasma) secondary
to increased levels of a-melanocyte-stimulating
hormone and the steroid hormones.
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| star1
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From where u get these info , can u tell me the link ?
thanks
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| AAAAA
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I google everything ! But I still spent over $5,000.00 last 6 months to buy medical books !
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| Jinx
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spider nevi
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