DrVirgo
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Which Organisms cause bloody diarrhea?
Which Organisms cause watery diarrhea?
Which Organisms cause BOTH?
Is there any way to remember this?
Is it safe to assume that invasive bacteria can cause bloody diarrhea, and toxigenic bacteria cause watery diarrhea?
*EHEC is toxigenic, and causes watery diarrhea but can also cause bloody diarrhea.
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| DrVirgo
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Watery:
vibrio cholera, ETEC, Rotavirus, cryptosporidum, and Girardia
Bloody:
salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, EHEC, EIEC, E.coli O157 H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Entamoeba histolytica.
If anyone knows more, please add to the list.
Thanks.
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| mildus
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bloody diarrhoea - if there is necrosis of epithelium
1. invasive organisms - like Salmonella and Shigella which kill enterocytes
2. toxins which lead to necrosis
watery diarrhoea - without necrosis,
if 1. bacteria cover absorptive surface or 2. decrease intestinal villi (due to toxins) so less can be absorbed from the intestines or
3. increase water and electrolytes secretion (due to toxins)
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| DrVirgo
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Thanks mildus.
Can you please give some examples for each of your points (which organisms work by each mechanism?)
Thank you. 
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| mildus
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bloody diarrhoea
1. invasive organisms
Salmonella, Shigella and EIEC (they enter enterocytes, multiply in their cytoplasm, and then spread to the next enterocytes while the previous die by necrosis) (necrosis --- so bleeding --- and reactive secretion of water and mucus)
2. toxins which lead to necrosis
Shigella dysenteriae with shiga toxin which inhibits protein synthesis thus leading to the cell death (necrosis), also EHEC which has shiga-like toxin
watery diarrhoea - without invasion and necrosis
1. bacteria cover absorptive surface so less can be absorbed from the intestines e.g. EAEC and DAEC and Giardia
2. decreased number of intestinal villi
e.g. EPEC
3. increase water and electrolytes secretion (due to toxins)
e.g. Vibrio cholerae with cholerae toxin,
ETEC with LT-I toxin which is like cholerae-toxin and acts via cAMP,
ETEC with St-a toxin which acts via cGMP
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| DrVirgo
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Good job! Thanks mildus.
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| sugandhna
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| mjl1717
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just to diverge a little: osmotic diarrhea caused by malabsoption(eg lactose intolerance) of osmotically active substanes causing a net transudate of water and electrolytes from the blood to the gut lumen
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| DrVirgo
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Here's something i found:
Organisms that cause bloody diarrhea:
SEECSY= BLOODY DIARRHEA DOESN'T SOUND SEXY
S=SALMONELLA
E=E COLI EHEC,ETEC
E=ENTAMOEBA (PROTOZOA)
C=CAMPYLOBACTER
S=SHIGELLA
Y=YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA
Edited by DrVirgo on 02/15/06 - 07:16 AM
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| DrVirgo
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And for Watery diarrhea:
We wreck the GI: V, R, E, C, the Gi.
These organisms wreck the GI and cause watery diarrhea.
-V=VIBRIO CHOLERA
-R=ROTAVIRUS
-E=E COLI, ETEC
-C=CRYPTOSPORIDIUM
-GI=GIARDIA(PROTOZOA)
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| mildus
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nice mnemo
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| coolmavs
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Great work DrVirgo!
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