jonathon
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Is there an easy way to remember the derivatives of the arches, pouches etc. I simply can't cram all this stuff and i keep confusing them all the time. Can someone please help me. I'm so frustrated......
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| mildus
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I don't know any easy ways to remember it. I have simply learnt it by heart. You only have to repeat and repeat.
Branchial system consists of br.arches, br.membranes, br.pouches and br.notches.
Branchial membranes are easy because only the first br.membrane gives an adult structure and it is tympanic membrane.
Branchial notches are also easy, because only the 1st br.notch gives an adult structure and it is outer ear, which is very logical when you know anatomy of the ear and the scheme of branchial system.
Branchial pouches are more complicated, but not much, try to remember for parathyreoid glands and thymus, it is not difficult, then for tonsils.
And of course, branchial arches: each of them gives 4 kinds of adult structures:
1. cranial nerves (1st arch - Vth nerve; 2nd arch - VIIth nerve; 3,4,6th arch - nucleus ambiguus i.e. IX,X,XIth nerve)
2. arteries
3. cartlag. and bones
4. muscles inervated by Vth nerve (masticator muscles), VIIth nerve (mimic muscles), nc.ambiguus (muscles of the pharynx, larynx and palatum molle)
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| jonathon
Forum Senior
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Thanks. Thats a great way to set about understanding the branchial system. I just got intimidated by the volume of information. When u actually sit down and try to come with some sort of order to the madness it aint all that bad..
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| mjl1717
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Ill return with how I did it.
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| drsnq
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Branchial apparatus...
remember CAP....from outside to inside.
C...cleft or groove from ectoderm...it is very easy to remember because only 1st cleft develop in to external auditory meatus
2nd covers all other 4 clefts and form a cervical sinus which obliterates fter birth if persist give cervical fistula or branchial cyst in neck
A....arches from mesoderm
1sr arch...remember M
Cartilages or bones...Mandible,2 Middle ear bones(incus ,malleus the 3rd middle ear bone stepes from 2nd arch)
ligament.....sphenoMendibular ligament
Muscles ...Mestication muscles,Mylohyoid ,ant belly of diagestric(post belly from 2nd arch pharyngeal arch) two tensors[tensor tympani (remember 1st arch derived 2 middle ear bones incus and malles and this muscle inserted on handle of malleus fxn to tense the tympanic membrane ),tensor veli palatini(muscle of palate to tense the soft palate also remember the muscle which elevate soft palate is levator vali palatini derived from 4nd arch)
Nerve : trigeminal Mendibular branch(remember mandible )
2nd arch remember S...for second
Cartilage and bone... Stapes(remember this is the 3rd middle ear bone 2 others r derived from 1st arch) Styloid process, leSSer horn of hyoid
Ligament ..Stylohyoid ligament (remember styloid process and lesser horn of hyoid derived also from this arch)
Muscles ....Muscle of facial expression (remember muscle of mestication from 1st arch),Stapedius (inserted on stapes bone derived from the same arch .also remember tensor tympani is also a muscle for middle ear derived from 1st arch ,already discussed), Stylohyoid ,post belly of digestric (ant from 1st arch)
Nerve...Facial nerve(remember muscle of Facial exp)
3rd arch...very easy and short
cartilage ...greater horn of hyoid(lesser from 2nd arch)
Muscle ..Stylopharyngus[(muscle of pharynx)remember pharynx has 2 type of muscles .
1..circuler layer ,3 muscles sup,inf,middle constrictor
2...longitudnal layer...3 musclessalpingopharyngus,Stylopharyngus,palatopharyngus fxn : to elevate pharynx during swallowing
Nerve glossopharynngeal nerve(remember all the muscle of pharynx innervated by vagus except Stylopharyngus
4 th arch...to 6th arch
Cartilage...All the cartilages on neck...(pneumonic ACT)aretenoid,cricoid,cuniform,corniculate,thyroid
Muscles...4th arch all pharyngeal constrictor which describes in 3rd arch ...cricothyroid ,levator veli palatini(remember tensor vali palatini fron 1st arch discussed earlier)
Nerve...4th arch ...remember it includes all the constrictor of pharynx and cricothyroid (which is one of the intrinsic muscle of larynx supplied by Vagus (vagus has 2 branches these muscle supply by superior laryngeal branch of vagus)
5th arch has no major dev
Muscle ..6th arch ..All other intrinsic muscle of larynx except cricothyroid( from 4th arch )
Nerve ..6th arch ...Vagus .(recurrent laryngeal branch)
P...POUCHES...endoderm.
Ist pouch...all othe remaining ear derevatives(middle ear cavity ,eustachian tube ,mastoid air cells
2nd pouch ...palatine tonsils
3rd and 4th ...actually these 2 bifurcates to form dorsal and ventral div each
3 rd pouch ......Dorsal div.....Inf PT gand
3rd pouch..............................Ventrl div....
derivative of both vent div is THYMUS
4th pouch.......................... Ventral div...
4th pouch .... dorsal div.....Sup PT gland
5Th pouch remain underdev and form ultimo brachial body and become Parafolliculer cells of thyroid gland...
I hope It will help this is quiet descriptive but in the end when u remember and understand u will memorize it for long lasting plus it will covers ur other small topics like pharynx ,larynx,palate etc...
thanks
Edited by drsnq on 11/11/05 - 11:02 PM
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| mildus
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very nice!
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