huynh
Forum Newbie
Topics: 1
Posts: 21
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Thx for answering my questions! Here are some more,
1. Why females at the menopause develops osteoporosis quicker than males do?
2. In the Middle Ages, choirboys were sometimes castrated ( had their testes removed ) to prevent their voice from changing. How would castration have effected their height? (shorter, taller, the same) and why?
3. Why pancreatic cancer usually causes jaundice?
thx
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| anne
Forum Elite
Topics: 41
Posts: 348
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A#1=women at menopausal age develop osteoporosis earlier than men because of fall in levels of estrogens which play an important role in maintaining new bone formation.
A#2=men castrated at young ages develop short heights because of fall in levels of testosterones.testosterones cause delay in epiphyseal closure,facilitating growth of bones.
A#3=pancreatic carcinoma causes jaundice(esp carcinoma of head of pancreas)because it compresses the pancreatic duct or bile duct,tus causing bile outflow obstruction.
i guess these are the answers,correct me if i am wrong somewhere.
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#2. Castrated young men lack of testosterone which is needed for their puberty and for closing the epiphyseal disk at the begining of adulthood. Without puberty, those men's bone grow slower but longer because the closure of epiphyseal disk is delayed. As the result, their height is taller than that they're supposed to be.
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| huynh
Forum Newbie
Topics: 1
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ANNOUNCEMENT
Hi guys,
I believe we've have a fruitful week. Lest make next week even more productive. The new suggestion is setting goal for questions and anwsers ( this was an idea of a friend I don't remember the name, sorry!).
For study schedule,
- Subject-by-subject: Physiology
- System wise: The muscular system
Lets try to cover all of the topics quickly, we still have lots of time to repeat them. Lets me know if you have ideas.
huynh
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| Gul
Forum Elite
Topics: 9
Posts: 259
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Hi
I wanted to ask what u meant by Physiology subject by subject ? I think we should be doing a system In physiology on the same day and next day , ask questions.....
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| asmi
Forum Hero
Topics: 1043
Posts: 4,609
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Hi friends,
Can anyone suggest me any website for histology.
I wanted to know the histological difference between artery and vein.
There are three layers as far as i remember,the intima,media and externa....
If iam wrong,could anyone correct me.
Thanks
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| aiysha
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hi!
the histology site which i know is :
UW MEDICAL SCHOOL HISTOLOGY ATLAS
just go to googles & then go to this url.
o.k. bye.
AIYSHA.
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| huynh
Forum Newbie
Topics: 1
Posts: 21
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Gul,
There are two groups studying differently,
If you are in subject-by-subject group, after anatomy the subject for this week is physiology.
If you are in system-approach group, so muscular system is the one for this week.
Whatever you guys study now is fine, the goal is we're trying to get valuable knowledges in order to understand all of the questions and explanations.
huynh
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| Gul
Forum Elite
Topics: 9
Posts: 259
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Thanks Huynh !! Well I am doing it subject wise ...Hey! we should be discussing whatwe are doing . I guess we could use the chat room of this forum for this . Time could be decided so that it is convinient for everyone living in diff. time zones . What do u say?
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| huynh
Forum Newbie
Topics: 1
Posts: 21
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Gul,
Good idea, we should understand each other difficulty and share the hard work like we are good friends. I studied anatomy last week, struggled as first, but then found myself interested in solving clinical oriented topics. Just got started on physiology today, again struggling. I think when we study, try to make questions for friends to answer. For example, if you plan to make 5 good questions, I bet you must go throungh as least 25 topics. So if you give 5 questions a day, and give 5 answers a day, you must go thru 30 topics in depth. For 24 weeks, there should be 5040 topics that is a vast knowledge, right!
If you agree, I'll make 5 questions for you a day, and answer your 5 questions for me. We'll post those on this forum.
huynh
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| Gul
Forum Elite
Topics: 9
Posts: 259
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Good Idea!! then which system is for today?
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| huynh
Forum Newbie
Topics: 1
Posts: 21
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I suggest we start with physiology this week, anything in physiology. OK! tomorrow, as soon as you have 5 questions for me, I'll try to answer them within 24 hours. And I'll also have 5 questions for you, agree! Deal! All of other friends could join us. Let me know if you have another idea.
huynh
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| aiysha
Forum Senior
Topics: 31
Posts: 133
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hi!
can anybody tell me types of synovial joints. :?:
o.k. bye.
AIYSHA.
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| asmi
Forum Hero
Topics: 1043
Posts: 4,609
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HI,
Can anybody tell me what is the effect of ACE inhibitors on plasma renin activity? They say,the main action is to inhibit RAAS(renin angiotensin aldosterone system).So it means,they inhibit aldosterone release,inhibit angotensin II formation,enhances bradykinin activity.But,it is said that it doesnot decrease the plasma renin level.
Ayesha,here is your answer,the types of joints are fibrous(skull and pelvis bones),cartilaginous (ribs and spine)and synovial(ball and socket,pivot,hinge,saddle,plane or gliding).
Thanks
asma
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| Gul
Forum Elite
Topics: 9
Posts: 259
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Hello There
Well, Renin has a role in converting angiotesinogen from liver into
agiotesinI which is then converted by ACE to angiotensin II
So basically its angiotensin II which causes vasoconstriction , inc.
aldosterone secretion and dec. levels of bradykinin. so inhibiting
ACE will cause the opp. effects .
Now My questions are :
1- what is the effect of inc. pH on serum calcium level
2-Deficiency of 21 Beta Hydroxylase causes hypo or hypertension?
and why?
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| asmi
Forum Hero
Topics: 1043
Posts: 4,609
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ASA Gul,
Well my question was about the influence of ACE inhibitors on plasma renin level.The answer to that question is that after giving ACE inhibitors there occurs reflex increase in plasma renin level due to the feedback inhibition.
Now to answer your questions:
1. serum calcium level increases in alkalosis and decreases in acidosis.
2. Due to the 21 beta hydroxylase deficiency,there occurs loss of salts,which leads to hypotension.
Thanks
Wa'salam
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| aiysha
Forum Senior
Topics: 31
Posts: 133
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Thanks asmi for answering my question.
bye.
aiysha
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| Gul
Forum Elite
Topics: 9
Posts: 259
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asa Asmi
Thanks for explaining .
According to the kaplan edition that i am studying , the effect of pH on S. calcium level is otherway around . If u have explanation for it , plz do tell me , thanks
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| huynh
Forum Newbie
Topics: 1
Posts: 21
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Hi guys,
Types of synovial joint:
- Pivot joint: A projection from one bone turns within a ring-shaped socket of another bone. ( Atlas and Axis )
- Hinge joint: The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone. ( Humerus and Ulna )
- Ellipsoidal joint: A ovoid, or egg-shaped, bone end is held within an elliptical cavity. ( Radius and Scaphoid )
- Ball-and-socket joint: The rounded head of one bone fits into the cuplike cavity of another bone. ( Humerus and Scapula )
- Saddle joint: The joint surface of each bone has both concave and convex areas so that the bones can rock back and forth and from side to side. ( Reapezium of wrist and First metacarpal bone of thumb )
- Gliding joint: The two surfaces of bones that meet in a gliding joint are almost flat, and slide over one another. (Tarsals and Metatarsals)
I suggest that we choose Aiysha as our group study coordinator starting now.
huynh
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| Gul
Forum Elite
Topics: 9
Posts: 259
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I agree with u Huynh .
where did u study the general anatomy from ?
and what do u say about the serum calcium level and the effects of pH on it?
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| asmi
Forum Hero
Topics: 1043
Posts: 4,609
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Hi,
Can you tell me what does kaplan notes explain for effect of PH on serum calcium level?
Please do correct me if my answer was wrong.
Well what are you guy's reading for this week?
I was reading path and pharma.
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| asmi
Forum Hero
Topics: 1043
Posts: 4,609
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Hi,
The example of ellipsoidal joint, did you meant joint between scaphoid and radius.
Elbow joint is an example of hinge joint right!
thanks
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| Gul
Forum Elite
Topics: 9
Posts: 259
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Hi asmi
The problemo is the same here , The notes that i have dont explain that . Just say in alkalosis , there is dec. Calcium and in acidosis , it is inc.
Maybe there is some exchange with H+ . so i was hoping someone could explain!!!
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